Discuss the basic epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation, investigation, management and prognosis of osteopenia & osteoporosis Flashcards
What does the FRAX tool assess?
estimates a patient’s 10 year risk of osteoporotic fracture
What is the prognosis for osteoporosis?
good if bone loss is detected early and proper intervention is undertaken
What medications can prevent osteoporosis in post-menopausal women?
HRT or raloxifene
What is the first line medication prescribed to patients with osteoporosis?
Bisphosphonates (Alendronate)
What is primary osteoporosis?
idiopathic and age related
How does osteoporosis present?
- pain
- deformity
- immobility due to fractures
- detected by screening measurements
What 5 lifestyle measures can be taken to manage osteoporosis?
- quit smoking
- reduce animal consumption
- weight bearing exercise to increase bone mineral density
- balance exercises and fall prevention programmes
- calcium and vitamin D rich diet/supplements
What does a DEXA (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) scan measure?
bone mineral density
What two pharmacological alternatives are there for patients that do not tolerate bisphosphonates?
- Strontium ranelate
- denosumab
True or false?
Osteopenia does not always lead to osteoporosis?
true
What is secondary osteoporosis and give 6 examples
- osteoporosis resulting from another disease process
- rheumatoid arthritis
- IBD
- anorexia nervosa
- hyperparathyroidism
- hyperthyroidism
- drugs
What will the blood results for a patient presenting with osteoporosis show?
- normal calcium
- normal phosphate
- normal alkaline phosphate
What is osteoporosis?
weakness in bones, due to below normal bone mass or above normal bone loss
What is the bone mineral density T-score for osteoporosis?
< -2.5
Who are more at risk of acquiring osteoporosis? (3)
- post menopausal women
- steroid users
- low body mass
