Describe the principles of tumour classification and explain the concepts of tumour grading and staging with reference to patient treatment and prognosis Flashcards
What is a malignant tumour of epithelial cells called?
carcinoma
What does M in the TNM grading system represent?
distant metastases
What is a malignant tumour arising from haematopoietic cells called?
leukaemia
What tissues arise from connective cells?
- muscle
- nerves
- tendons
- blood vessels
- bone
- cartilage
- adipose
- fibrous
What does histogenetic classification refer to?
cell of origin
What is tumour grading defined as?
the extent to which tumours histologically resemble the cell or tissue or origin
What does T in the TNM grading system represent?
the size of the primary tumour
or the extent of invasion of the primary tumour
what does N in the TNM grading system represent?
whether the tumour has spread to the lymph nodes draining the organ where the tumour has arisen
What is the cell of origin of sarcomas?
connective / mesenchymal
What is the cell of origin of lymphomas?
lymphocytes
What is tumour staging?
the extent of spread
What are the 4 histogenetic cells of origin?
- epithelial cells
- connective tissue / mesenchymal cells
- lymphocytes
- haematopoietic cells
What does a high tumour grade represent?
the more aggressive the tumour is likely to be, and the quicker it will grow and spread
How is tumour staging determined?
by pathological examination of the tumour and by clinical + radiological assessment of the patient
