Discourse and Pragmatics

Question 1

Discourse

Answer 1

The sequences of language that are longer than a sentence.

Question 2

Paralinguistic features

Answer 2

The non-vocal signals beyond basic speech.

Often used to convey meaning and emotion

E.g. Gestures, facial expressions, body language and eye contact

Question 3

Paralinguistic features

Vocal effects

Answer 3

Coughs, laughter and breath.

They may indicate formality or the speakers intent.

E.g. creaky voice, whispering, tone of voice, laughter, sighs and intakes of breath.

Question 4

Paralinguistic features

Breathiness

Answer 4

Breathy voice is involved in the expression of emotions and related states, such as intimacy and positive emotions.

Question 5

Code switching as a marker of group membership and belonging*

Answer 5

When speajers or writers switch between different languages/dialects within a discourse.

Often a marker of group membership or solidarity, using inclusion whilst having exclusive side effects. A strong marker of identity and cultural belonging by indicating that speakers belong simultaneously to two groups.

Question 6

Interlocutor

Answer 6

Person who takes part in a dialogue or conversation.

Question 7

Code switching as language learning

Answer 7

When speajers or writers switch between different languages/dialects within a discourse or utterance. In language learning this can help to place foreign words/lexemes into a familiar setting to aid with language learning and retention.