discourse

Question 1

deixis

Answer 1

word or phrase that points to a time, place or situation in which a speaker is speaking: can be expressed w pn, det, adv and tense

personal deixis= pn eg I, you
spatial deixis= this/that, here/there
temporal diexis= now, then, yesterday, last month

Question 2

factors that contribute to text’s coherence- navigation:
inference

Answer 2

require background information to fully understand and comprehend

Question 3

factors that contribute to text’s coherence- navigation:
logical order

Answer 3

sequencing; usually from more general / background to more detail and specific ideas and then possibly to related ideas

Question 4

factors that contribute to text’s coherence- navigation:
formatting and layout

Answer 4

eg:
bold, italics, font size, font script, underline, columns, tables, dot-points, paragraphing, alignment, symbols, brackets, hyperlinks

Question 5

factors that contribute to text’s coherence- navigation:
consistency

Answer 5

of tense, semantic field (provide consistent understanding of domain), person (maintain consistent perspective)

Question 6

factors that contribute to text’s cohesion- connecting:
synonymy and antonymy

Answer 6

synonymy= link ideas by reinforcing an idea
antonymy= link ideas by providing a contrast

Question 7

factors that contribute to text’s cohesion- connecting:
hyponymy

Answer 7

creates a link by highlighting the relationship and hierarchy between general and specific items and/or by classifying items
test= ‘is X a kind of Y’ - x is the hyponym and y is the hypernym
eg The painting has reds, yellows and blues
red, yellow and blue= hyponyms of colour

Question 8

factors that contribute to a text’s cohesion- connecting:
collocation

Answer 8

build an expectation of what is coming next by linking items in a familiar way
eg It’s the bread and _ (butter)
Merry _(Christmas)

Question 9

factors that contribute to a text’s cohesion- connecting:
repetition

Answer 9

deliberate repetitions reinforces an idea

Question 10

ft of spoken discourse- management:
openings and closings

Answer 10

ritualistic greetings; scripted; semi-planned
eg good morning all, ladies and gentlemen, acknowledgement of country

Question 11

ft of spoken discourse- management:
adjacency pairs

Answer 11

2/3 part exchange
- Qu and Ans
- offer and refusal/acceptance
-statement and acknowledgement

Question 12

ft of spoken discourse:
interogative tags

Answer 12

interrogative element added to end of declarative or imperative
confirm if something is true or not/ encourage a reply
eg …,aren’t they?

support postive face - builds rapport, feel validated, opinion on matter can be expressed, sednse of closeness.

Question 13

ft of spoken discourse- navigation:
discourse particles

Answer 13

type of discourse marker, express attitude
eg soften/ strengthen arguments (yeah-nah or yeah-no)
express uncertainty- hedging (sort of, a bit, like)
quotative way (he was like …)

can support negative face - soften force. slightly redirect but maintain meaning.

Question 14

discourse markers

Answer 14

organise and manage ideas
eg (speaking) so, right, you know, I mean
(writing) firstly, secondly, moreover, in conclusion, on the other hand

Question 15

ft of spoken discourse- management:
non-fluency ft

Answer 15

filled pauses/voiced hesitation, repetitions, false starts, repairs, fillers, pauses

Question 16

strategies in spoken discourse- management:
topic management

Answer 16

discourse makers, noun phrases, pauses, sentence types, topic loops

Question 17

strategies in spoken discourse- management:
turn-taking

Answer 17

taking and passing/relinquish the floor: prosody, vocatives, interrogative tags, discourse markers
holding the floor: fillers, prosodic, parataxis

Question 18

parataxis

Answer 18

placing clauses/ phrases one after another without subordination/co-ordination
eg tell me, how are you?

Question 19

strategies in spoken discourse- management:
minimal responses/back-channelling

Answer 19

shows listening and agreement
eg okay, mmm, right

can suport postive face - engaging wiht someone, showing interest, signals closeness, allows hearer to feel acknowleged.

Question 20

connectimg:
subject-specific lexis

Answer 20

semantic fiels draws connections within and throughout the text
allows identification of correct meaning of polysemous words

Question 21

discourse language

Answer 21

link/ connect/ tie together
managemnet/ navigation/ organise
signpost/ reinforce/ show relationship bw
reference/ refer
directs
consistency
signal
sequencing

Question 22

strategies of spoken discourse

Answer 22

TTM (talk to me)
topic management, turn-taking, minimal responses/back channelling

Question 23

factors that contribute to a text’s coherence

Answer 23

FLICCc
cohesion, consistency, conventions, logical ordering, inference, formatting

Question 24

overt politeness markers

Answer 24

apolgies, please and thank you.

can support negative face - rectify breaches, acknowleges hearers decision in matter.

Question 25

pragmatic tags

Answer 25

eh? yeah? innit? no?

support postive face - need to be validated, fosters closeness, supports own postive face needs.

Question 26

factors contributing to text’s cohesion: information flow

Answer 26

=arrangement of a sentence
includes: clafting, end focus and front focus

Question 27

factors contributing to text’s cohesion: information flow

Answer 27

=arrangement of a sentence
includes: clafting, end focus and front focus

Question 28

cleft

Answer 28

it cleft - dumS + V+S+rel pronoun+clause
what cleft - what +SNcl+V+NP [complement]

Question 29

end focus

Answer 29

principle of end wieght, places material with higher comm. value at end. , existental sentence- can create end focus.
controls what readers are focusing – prominence.
can be authorative in nature, reserve infomation - build suspense.

Question 30

front focus

Answer 30

highlight beginning of sentence - fronting - greater prominence for elements that would come later - fronting/inversion/passive voice.
cresates attention, achieved through less visual syntatic structure - marked syntax