analytical sequences for formal features Flashcards
parallelism (cohesion)
bc of patterned structure/ in the semantic thread/ in this pattern regarding (context) -> link -> (mtgl) are connected creating cohesion
paralellism is created on _ thru the repetiotion of the (mtgl). These mirrored structtures build cohesion by efficiently linking the concepts that (context)
antithesis (cohesion)
antonyms of () are placed in the clauses () side by side, juxtaposing each other while tieing the ideas of () together, building cohesion
listing (cohesion)
links ideas with sem field of (context) -> enables efficient,succinct,concise package/ layer ideas/ deliberately layer to build impact/momentum/emphasis
build cohesion as it links the (mtgl) together creating a cohesive sequence -> context
Sequence creates semantic thread of _
nominalisation
= sophisticated syntactic ft -> better describe (context)
builds a more authoritative tone
Nominalisation in [eg] …
phonological ft eg alliteration, assonance/consonance, onomatopoeia, rhyme/rhythm
more literary; more vivid/descriptive; more memorable
phonological ft eg alliteration, assonance/consonance, onomatopoeia, rhyme/rhythm
more literary; more vivid/descriptive; more memorable
acronyms and initialisms
associated with specific domain
passive voice
place front focus on the (subj np) -> highlight/emphasise/foreground
agentless: agent noun phrase [mtlg], is easily infered as [description of agent]. The passive structure maintains focus on the grammatical subject [subj], which is …[context/critical this section of the text]
must state passive vp
elevated lexis
more formal and sophisticated reflect higher formality
establish author’s expertise and enhances their credibility due to their low fq -> persuade
build a knowledgeable authoratatie tone building trust -> inform/persuade
highlight the gravity of _
dense syntax
considered, planned and more complicated structure reflects higher formality of the text
fronting
draw attention/ focus on/ ensure that audience is clear about (context)
fig language
engage reader through imagery + convey sense of semantic sophistication
more memorable
create imagery
evoke an emotional response
clefting
extra focus on (mtgl) at the start/end of the clause -> syntactic density -> more formal
It cleft: presents noun in its own clause while linking syntactically to the verb [eg] in the following relative clause
Whalt cleft: focus on element at end of clause
end focus/weight
move most important/significant element w highest communicative value at the end to give prominence/ create suspense/ more literary in style
existential clauses/ pn/ sentence
reserve new info for end of sentence -> authoritative/ authority/ certainty/ credible/ impersonal/ unequivical/definitive
build factual tone for tt. The impersonal, authoratative nature of this syntactic ft helps present the (context) as fact and highlight … . Further, the existential ssentence helps develop end focus on (context)
inversion
dramatic impact -> more literary in style and poetic
shift in focus
deixis
the use of the (mtg for dietic reference) is a dietic reference that connects the phrase/clause/sentence about [context] to a particular time frame tf building cohesion
jargon
from the semantic field of _
role of est/ reflect authority and expertise
support official status -> increase formality
active voice
clear/ direct and maintain focus on the subj responsible for carrying out the action of vp
fronting (info flow)
fronting of (mtlg) creates initial focus/foreground/preface/draw attention to on …. This creates end focus on the idea in the IC ….
this is then semantically connected to the following IC ““ which [context]
eg can est situational context eg w adverbial explaining where
anaphoric reference
the (mtlg for anaphoric pn) refers back to the np cohesively joining them and highlighting the link bw (context) whilst avoiding unnecessary lexical repetition
lexical choices reflecting semantic field
(mtlg) reflect/ reside in/ build the sem field of (…) . This emphasises/ illustrates … or this reflects the content of the text being soley about …
ONE WORD EACH!!!!!!!!!
important thing about cohesion/coherence qu
INCLUDE THE WORDS IN THE ACROYNM
dot points (formatting ft)
present a list -> concisely present the (mtlg) which (context). This discourse ft aids reader understanding of the tt as they can clearly see what (context). Dot points build coherence by signposting the author’s (context)
clearly present [content] in an accessible way
adverbial phrases/clauses
establishes + bring focus to a temporal relationship between X and X, bringing prominence to _
-> ‘where’ adverbs establish spatial relationships
Front focus
Front focus is created through the fronting of the [mtlg]. This draws focus to … directly links the information about [context] to the IC. This is important in [text] as clarity around …
parenthesis (coherence)
signal a relatice initialism -> assist understanding of text through intoduction of initialism
orientate reader to certian part of discours -> assist reader navigation
formal register phrases
‘maintaining a degree of social distance’
‘reflect the planned, drafted and crafted nature ..’
consistency of person
think pronouns
lexical repetition
deliberate and considered repetition of the [mtlg] reinforces/strengthens/intensifies/accentuates/highlight/underscores this as the focal point of / to emphasise [content]
end focus
give prominence to/ create suspense/ more literary in style
adjectives
describe the information in greater detail. Create positive and appealiing image of [CONTEXT]
Have positive connotations linked to Semantically, the audience are encouraged to view … as …., suppporting the … purposeses of the text
adjectives
describe the information in greater detail. Create positive and appealiing image of [CONTEXT]
Have positive connotations linked to Semantically, the audience are encouraged to view … as …., suppporting the … purposeses of the text
conventions
reader’s expectations are met. These ft signal and signpost this text as a [text type’] tf assisting the reader naviation and understanding
creates a familiar format ->
conjunctions
show rela’ship/ association bw _
bc= cause + effect
and= additive
however= contrast
synonymy and antonymy
syn: create a link thru shared semantics to reinforce … -> support cohesion of clause/sentence
coherence words
navigation
logical order
prep phrase, discourse markers, hyponymy
sequenceing of content
follow progression of time/information
consistency of tense
grounds disc within a certain time frame
consistency of sem field
consistent understanding of domain
grounds the discourse in the domain of .
reveal situational/cultural context
formal ft
reflect planned, drafted nature
carefully/thoughtfully composed nature
maintain degree of social distance
reflect authoritative identity of _
