Discontinuous and Continuous Variation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Hardy Weinberg equation?

A

p + q = 1

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

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2
Q

How can we test Hardy Weinberg?

A

Chi squared

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3
Q

What can Chi squared tell us?

A

Whether evolution is occuring or not

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4
Q

What are the Hardy Weinberg assumptions?

A
  1. Infinite population size
  2. Random mating
  3. No mutation
  4. No selection
  5. No population structure
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5
Q

What does Hardy Weinberg predict?

A

Null model, predicts genotype frequencies or allele frequencies

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6
Q

What are some explanations for the Hardy Weinberg assumptions?

A

Assure that random mating is happening and that all possible genotypes are predicted

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7
Q

What is the Wahlund Effect?

A

When you get fewer heterozygotes than expected (can happen in a subdivided population)

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8
Q

Describe continuous variation

A

Determined by measuring eg height and weight

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9
Q

Describe categorical vairation

A

Measured by counting eg number of offspring

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10
Q

What is dichotomous/threshold variation?

A

multiple genetic and environmental factors. present/absent.

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11
Q

What has a strong influence on quantitative genetics?

A

environment

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12
Q

what are quantitative genetics controlled by?

A

multiple loci

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13
Q

what can increase phenotypic resemblance?

A

shared environment

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14
Q

how can we tell how much of a phenotype is genetic?

A
  • resemblance between relatives
  • parent offspring regression
  • sibling analysis
  • twin studies
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15
Q

what is broad sense heritability?

A

proportion of phenotypic variation that is due to genetic variation

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16
Q

what is narrow sense heritability?

A

proportion of phenotypic variation due to additive genetic variation

17
Q

what is mid - parent offspring regression?

A

average phenotypic value of mother and father

18
Q

what is one parent offspring regression?

A

one parent is contributing

19
Q

what is phenotypic plasticity?

A

when a genotype expresses different phenotypes depending on the environemnt

20
Q

what is genotype-environment interaction?

A

when different genotypes have different kinds of phenotypic plasticity