Disaster 2 Flashcards
3 acts to observe during earthquake in order to protect yourself
DROP, COVER AND HOLD ON
Termed as the possibility of flood
Flood watch
Termed as the occuring flood
Flash flood
NOAA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
This consists of policies, procedures, and an incident command structure. This is the primary tool management that is vital to ensure employees follow protocols during emergency in contacting stakeholders, media and others
Communication Plan
A document that provides guidelines, contact information, and prpcedures for how information should be shared during all phases of an unexpected occurrence that requires immediate action
Communication Plan
Universal Emergency Codes: WHITE
Violent situation
Code GREY
External/Internal Air exclusion/loss of essential utility
Code BLACK
Bomb threat suspicious package
Code BROWN
Hazardous Matetial Spill/ leak - internal
Code AMBER
Missing child
Code RED
Fire
Code ORANGE
External Disaster/Mass Casualty
Code YELLOW
Missing patient
Code GREEN
Evacuation
Code BLUE
Cardio-Pulmonary Arrest
Code PURPLE
hostage taking/Abduction
Code PINK
Pediatric Arrest
Code 6
Non cardiopulmonary arrest/medical emergency
San pedro hospital emergency code: code 0
Evacuation
Code 1
Bomb threat
Code 3
Flood
Code 3.1
Storm surge
Code 3.3
Typhoon
Code 5
Fire
Code 7
Hostage
Code 9
Security Guard
Code 11
Earthquake
Code 8000
Disaster
Code blue
Cardiac arrest
Code red
Needs immediate attention
This methodology is used to build well constructed emergency/disaster preparedness plans that account for the unknowns and unexpected
PACE PLANNING
PACE stands for
Primary
Alternate
Contigency
Emergency
The main form of communication
Primary
This communication is in form of digital cellular communications
Primary
This is the secondary form of communication
Alternate
Example of alternate communication
Voice calls when the data network is down
Tertiary method of communication
Contigency
Example of tertiary communication
Satellite phone
If all fails this is the wort case option for communication
Emergency
Emergency communication example
Sending short codes or texts from GPS tracking devices to using landlines if available
UNISDR
United Nation International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
This aims to guide and coordinate the efforts of a wide range of partners to:
-achieve substantive reduction in disaster losses
-Build resilient nations and communities as an essential condition for sustainable development
UNISDR
Sendai Framework was establsihed from what year?
2015 - 2030 for 15 years this framework is implemented
How many targets does sendai have?
7
how many priorities does sendai have?
4 priorities
1.Understanding the risk
2. Strengthening the disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk
3. investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience
4. Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to build back better in recovery rehabilitation and reconstruction
the sendai framework covered how many nations?
193 nations
enumerate the highest number of natural disasters globally
- Philippines
- Indonesia
- India
The sendai frameworks aims to substantially reduce the following:
- reduce global disaster
- Reduce the number of affected people globally
- Reduce direct economic loss in relation to Gross Domestic Product
- Reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services
The hyogo Framework was established for how many years
10 years 2005-2015
The sendai framework aims to substantially increase the following:
- increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies
- enhance international cooperation to developing countries
- Increase the availability of and access to multi hazard early warning system
The hyogo framework focuses on:
Building the resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters
The sendai was developed on
March 18, 2015
The 3 cornerstone method of data collection for disaster planning are:
- Hazard identification and mapping
- Vulnerability Analysis
- Risk Assessment
First step in effective disaster planning requires
advanced identification of potential problems
This determines which event is most likely to affect a community and to make decisions
about whom or what to protect as the basis of establishing measures for prevention, mitigation
and response
-Data are mapped using aerial photography, satellite imagery, remote sensing and geographic
information systems
HAZARD INDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING
Used to determine who is most likely to be affected the property most likely to be damaged or
destroyed, and the capacity of the community to deal with the effects of the disaster.
-Data are collected regarding the susceptibility of individuals, property and the environment to
potential hazards in order to develop prevention strategies
VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS
Uses the results of the hazard identification and vulnerability analysis to determine the
probability of a specified outcome from a given hazard that affects a community with known
vulnerabilities and coping mechanism
-The probability may be presented as a numerical range ( percentage) or in relative form ( low,
moderate, high)
RISK ASSESSMENT
National Red Cross and Red Crescent is under what agency
IFRC - International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
ICRC solves all arm conflict. ICRC stands for:
International Committee of Red Cross
How many members does IFRC have
191 members
HINIVUU are the fundamental principles of Red cross and Red crescent this means:
Humanity
Impartiality
Neutrality
Independence
Voluntary Service
Unity
Universality
how many hours dos your emergency kit last?
24-72 hours
Accounts for all communities within the area and their level of exposure to an
identified hazard
IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES
Identifies community’s relationships with agencies and institutions in terms of
providing aid, facilitating services and supporting programs related to the
implementation, improvement and enhancement of DRRM plan
RELATIONAL CONNECTIVITY
This is implemented in order to conduct immediate rapid underground assessment in the area
RDANA - Rapid Damage Assessment Needs Analysis
RDANA was implemented under what law
EO 15 - June 8, 2023
Provision of information about an
imminent hazard that is likely to
affect a community
This may be in various forms of
communication (e.g., sounds,
symbols, letters) that can be easily
and immediately understood by all
stakeholders
EWS - Early Warning System
what includes the emergency response control
-First aid
-Sanitation and Toiletries
-Clothing
-Emergency tools and gadgets
-Important items
- important documents
True or False: Decontamination should be done before leaving the rescue site to prevent the spread of health hazard or secondary contamination
TRUE
After stressful situations this should be done
DEBRIEFING
AN ACT STRENGTHENING THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, PROVIDING FOR THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AND INSTITUTIONALIZING THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
RA 10121 - “Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010”.
RA 1021 enables:
Budget allocation before, during and after a disaster
Things that provide early fire detection
- Automatic alarm system
- Smoke detectors
- Heat detectors
- Light radiation/Flame detectors
- Manually operated alarms
Manually operated alarms shall be located within how many meters
61 meters travel distance from any point of the building
Fire extinguishers has 2 types
permanent
portable
Examples of permanent or built in extinguishers
Standpipe and hose
sprinkler system
Automatic extinguishing system
Examples of portable extinguishers
HCFC- Hydrochlorofluorocarbon 123 (green)
Dry chemical (Red)
AFFF Aqueous Film Forming Foam (Blue)
travel distance if with sprinkler
60 meters
Travel distance if without sprinkler
45 meters
process
which places the right
patient in the right
place at the right time
to receive the right
level of care
Triage
French word for Triage which means to sort out or choose
Trier
credited with organizing the first
triage system
Baron Dominique Jean Larrey
process of prioritizing
which patient are to be treated
first and is the cornerstone of
good disaster management in
terms of judicious use of medical resources
Triage
performed by nurses on routine
basis in the ED
GOAL – to identify the sickest
patient in order to assess and treat
them first
Daily Triage
occurs when the ED is stressed by
large number of patients due to
an acute incident, but still able to
provide care to all patient utilizing
existing agency resources.
Incident Triage
A general Term employed when local emergency medical services (EMS) and hospital emergency services are overwhelmed
GOAL: Identifying and prioritizing
injured patients who have a good
chance of survival with immediate
intervention that do not consumed
extraordinary resources
Disaster Triage
an organized
method of removing residual
contaminants from the victim’s
hair, skin clothing
Decontamination
CATEGORIES
OF PATIENT
DURING DISASTER
TRIAGE: BLACK
Deceased and Expectant
RED
Emergent/Immediate
YELLOW
Urgent/Delayed
GREEN
Minor/ Ambulatory
Walking Wounded in START
GREEN in JumpSTART
Minor Injuries/may not be able to walk
Patient who are
physiologically well
compensated
Only requires basic immediate
care
Can probably wait for period
of time for definitive care with
minimal risk of deterioration
GREEN
Patient with compensated
physiology but a significant
potential for deterioration or
morbidity if there are long
delays before definitive care
can be provided
YELLOW
Patient with uncompensated
physiology and injuries that are life
threatening but probably
amenable to rapid intervention
that do not require consumption
of an inordinate amount of
resources
RED
Victims with no detectable
vital signs (deceased)
Victims with minimal signs of
life who, due to their injuries
and or associated medical
condition will soon die unless
extraordinary measures are
immediately employed
BLACK
Initial gross sorting of patient in
the field
Aimed at maximizing the
outcome for the greatest
possible number of victims
Sort out patient into the four
most commonly used triage
categories
Physiology is the focus
PRIMARY TRIAGE
Second patient assessment
Physiology is reassess and obvious
injury are identified
One of the goal is to determine
which patient can be treated
effectively on-scene and identify
those whose immediate needs
can only be met in hospital settings
SECONDARY TRIAGE
Becomes necessary if the hospital
in itself is damaged and
functioning at a lower capacity
than usual or is overwhelm by both
disaster and nondisaster patient
Hospital personnel determine if the
facility can provide appropriate
care or if the patient will require
stabilization and transfer to a
facility capable of a higher level
of care
TERTIARY TRIAGE
START means
Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment
5 basic parameters
the ability to walk
the presence or absence of spontaneous breathings
the respiratory rate
assessment of perfusion
the ability to obey commands
RPM Parameters includes what three vital points
Respiration
Perfusion
Mental Status
After a bullhorn who do you approach first
The motionless victims - assess and tag them first
Upon assessment patient is negative in respirations what do you do next?
Position airway - Jaw thrust maneuver
Upon assessment patient has >30 RR
tag RED
Patient has positive respirations <30 RR.
Check perfusion
Patient has positive respirations <30 RR and has pulse
Assess mental status
Developed 1995 and modified
2001(Dr. Lou Romig)
To address the unique physiology of
children
To be used for “all victims who
appears to be children
JumpSTART
an apneic child
with heart rate maybe salvageable if
spontaneous breathing is reestablish
In adult apnea occurs because of
brain
anoxia
Window of salvageability in JumpSTART
5 RESCUE BREATHS
Minor laceration or burns; soft tissue or
orthopedics injuries without significant bleeding or
neurovascular compromise
GREEN
Physiologically stable patient with possible spine
or head injury without acute neurological deficit,
significant bleeding controlled with pressure
dressing
YELLOW
Poorly controlled external bleeding; moderate burns,
penetrating trauma without other critical injuries;
altered mental status but not completely
unresponsive; early shock, respiratory distress but
not failure
RED
Patient with isolated respiratory arrest not
resolved with airway maneuvers; massive head
injuries, extensive burns, crush injuries, critical
penetrating trauma or multiple life-threatening
injuries
BLACK
Defined as any large –scale biologically
induced disaster , whether it be
naturally occurring or deliberate
BIOEVENTS
SEIRV
Susceptibility
Exposed
Infectious
Removed
Vaccinated
Area immediately adjacent to
the incident
All staff must be in protective
gear
HOT ZONE
Minimal triage and medical
care activities takes place
Limited to airway, hemorrhage
control
Administration of antidotes
Identification of expectant cases
A distance of at least 300 feet from outer
perimeter of the HOT ZONE
WARM ZONE
Area is adjacent and uphill
and upwind to warm zone
Decontaminated patient
victims enters, secondary
triage is performed
COLD ZONE
an area that is adjacent to the hospital
which has source of water for
decontamination
WARM (DIRTY ZONE)
