Disaster Flashcards
[Categories of biological agents]
-Low mortality rate
-require specific enhancements of diagnostic capacity and enhanced disease survelliance
- result in moderate and low mortality rates
-moderately easy to disseminate
Category B
[Categories of biological agents]
-require a special action of public health preparedness
-promote public panic and social disruption
-result in high mortality rates and have the potential for major public health impact
-highest risks because the of ease of dissemination or transmission from person to person
CATEGORY A
[Categories of biological agents]
-major health impact
-have the potential for high morbidity and mortality rates
-Ease of production and dissemination
-emerging pathogens that could be enginereed for mass dissemination because of availability
CATEGORY C
Small pox
Category A
Brucellosis
Category B
Hantavirus
Nipah virus
Yellow fever virus
Category C
Tick borne encephalitis
Category C
Drug resistant TB
Category C
Typhus fever
Category B
Anthrax
plageu
Category A
Viral hemorrhagic fevers
Category A
Tularemia
Category A
Botulinum toxin
Category A
Water safety threats
Epsilon Toxin
Q fever
Category B
Adaptation of professional nursing skills in recognizing and meeting the nursing physical and emotional needs resulting from disaster
Disaster nursing
Catastrophic event that results on casualties that overwhelm the healthcare resources in that community and may result in a sudden unanticipated surge of a change in standards of care and a need to allocate sarce resources
HEALTH DISASTER
Refers to the potential threat to humans and their welfare
HAZARD
It presents the probability of the occurence of a disaster caused by natural phenomena, failure of man made sources of energy or human activity
Hazard
Actual exposure of something of human value. Often measured as the produxt of probability and loss
Risk
Probability of harmful consequences or expected losses resulting from interactions between natural or human induced haxards and vulnerable conditions
Risk
Equation of risk
Risk=hazard x vunerability
It is determined by physical, social, ecomnomic and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of an individual
Vulnerability
Combination of al strengths and resources available within the community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk, or the effects of a disaster
Capacity
Tor F: tbere is no such thing as natural disasters only natural hazards
TRUE
Risk is the combination of
Hazard, exposure and vulnerability
Internal disaster
Disruption of normal hospital function due to injuries or deaths of hospital personnel or damage to the facility
External disaster
Do not affect the hospital infrastructure but tax hospital resources due to number of patients or type of injuries
Airbursts
Space weather
Shockwave events
Extraterrestrial disaster
Extreme changes in temperature
Storm
Fog
Ice frost
Meteorological disaster
Drought
Glacial lake
Wildfire
Land fire
Forest fire
Climatological disaster
Floods
Ice jam
Landslides
Avalanche
Debris
Rock fall
Wave action
Hydrological disaster
Epidemic
Insect infestation
Animal accidents
Biological disaster
Solod earth
-earthquake
-dry mass
-ash fall
-lahar
-pyroclastic flow
-lava flow
Geophysical disaster
Situation here population suffer.
Civil war
Political conflict
Complex human emergencies
Unplanned release of nuclear energy
And fires or explosions
-fuel, chemicals or nuclear materials
Technological diaster
Natural human generated disaster that triggered a secondary diasater
Synergistic Disaster
Terror by a state
Mass terror
Attack on a head of state or a ruling elite
Dynastic assasination
Placing of explosives where people gather to destroy whoever happens to be there
Random terror
Focus random terror is Placing explosives to where
Significant agents of oppresion are likely to gather
Directed solely against the ruling government as a part of a broad revolutionary strategic plan
Tactical terror
Producing injury or death
-nerve agents (anticholinesterases)
-blood agents (cyanogens)
-blister agents (vesicants)
-lung damaging agents (choking agents)
Producing temporary effects
-stimulants
-psychedelics
-drpressants
-deliriants
Deliberate releas of viruses, bacteria and other germs to cause illness or death
Bioterrorism
Nuclear accident on march 11 2011
After an earthquake a 15m tsunami disabled the power supply
Fukushima daiichi nuclear disaster
Particles/elemnts released during fukushima daiichi
Iodine-8 years of half life
Caesium-30 “
Tritium-12 “
Significant elements released by chernobyl 1986
Iodine-8 days of half life
Strontium-29 “
Caesium-30 “
Steam explosion and fires released at least 5% of the radioactive reacfor core into the environment
Chernobyl disaster
Occur directly pressure from the pressure wave of the blast
Primary injury
Occure being struck by flying objects feom the blast
Secondary injury
Occurs when victims are displaced from a location and strike other objects or surfaces
Tertiary injury
Burns, inhalation injuries, toxic exposures, and traumatic injuries from structural collapse
Quarternary
Blunt injury
Secondary injury
Eye rupture
Abdominal hemorrhage and perfirtation
Concussion (TBI) with no physical signs of head injury
Primary injury
Fracture and traumatic amputation
Closed and open brain injury
Tertiary
Proactive planning efforts designed to structure the disaster response prior to its occurence
Preparedness phase
Disaster planning that enco.passes evaluating potential vulnerabilities and the prospensity for a disaster to occur
Preparedness phase
Measures taken to reduce the harmful effects of a disaster by attempting to limit its impact on human health, community function and economic infrastructure
Mitigation phase
Steps taken to lessen the impact of a diaster should be one occur and can be considered as prevention measures
Mitigation phase
Focuses on emergency relief
Response phase
Providing first aid
Response phase
Minimizing and restoring damaged systems such as communications ans transportation
Response phase
Providing care and basic life requirements and or necessities
Response phase
ICS
Incident command system
Its is routinely practiced and updated as needed
ICS
Rebuild and repair damaged building mental health interventions
Recovery phase
Phase in planninga nd response that Receives Least attention
Evaluation phase
Determine in the evaluation the ff:
-what worked
-what did not work
-what specific problems issues and challenges were identified
