Disadvantges of using Non-participant observation

Question 1

Theoretical:
Matching behavior to categories only counts occurrences without uncovering the reasons behind actions. Researchers cannot ask why the group behaves a certain way, limiting their understanding. This is a disadvantage for interpretivists, as it prevents uncovering the meanings behind actions.

Answer 1

AO3 (Linked Advantage):
However, positivists benefit from this method, as recording behaviors generates quantitative data that can identify patterns and trends, enabling the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 2

Theoretical:
Researchers impose their worldview by creating behavior categories and only recording behaviors that fit these categories. This limits the range of behaviors observed, as any behavior outside the categories is ignored. This is a disadvantage for interpretivists, as it prevents uncovering the group’s subjective viewpoints.

Answer 2

AO3 (Linked Advantage):
However, positivists view this approach as an advantage, as it allows researchers to remain neutral and scientific by focusing on specific behaviors and categorizing them, ensuring objectivity and consistency in data collection.

Question 3

Lacks Validity:
Matching behavior to categories is subject to the observer’s interpretation, leading to potential misinterpretations. Additionally, if the observation is overt, the Hawthorne Effect may occur, where participants alter their behavior because they know they are being observed, reducing validity. This is a disadvantage for interpretivists, as it prevents obtaining an authentic understanding of the group.

Answer 3

AO3 (Linked Advantage):
However, the lack of validity allows for greater reliability. Fixed behavior categories make non-participant observations replicable, which is beneficial for positivists, as they can use consistent methods to establish social facts.

Question 4

Lacks Verstehen:
Observing from a distance prevents the researcher from developing rapport or gaining an empathetic understanding of the group. This is a disadvantage for interpretivists, as they cannot get personally involved to understand the group’s perspective.

Answer 4

AO3 (Linked Advantage):
However, this detachment reduces the risk of researchers “going native” and becoming biased by siding with the group. As a result, the findings are more objective.