Disability and Health Related Behaviour Flashcards
What is health related behaviour?
Anything that may promote good health or lead to illness e.g. smoking, exercise
Name the three learning theories
1) Classical Conditioning
2) Operant conditioning
3) Social learning theory
Name the two social cognition models
1) Health belief model
2) Theory of planned behaviour
Explain classical conditioning and give an example
Behaviours become linked to an unrelated stimuli e.g. Pavlov’s dogs or Watson’s Little Albert study
How can you change classical conditioning?
• Aversive techniques in smoking/alcohol misuse
= pair behaviour with unpleasant response
– alcohol + medication to induce nausea (nausea is
result of medication + alcohol but comes to be
associated with alcohol (CR))
– smoke holding
• Break unconscious response
– elastic band on cigarette packet!
What is operant conditioning?
• People/animals act on the environment and behaviour is shaped by the consequences (reward or punishment)
• behaviour reinforced (increases) if it is
– rewarded
– a ‘punishment’ is removed
• behaviour decreases if it is
– punished
– a reward is taken away
What is social learning theory?
People can learn vicariously (through observation/
modelling)
What example is driven by short term rewards?
Operant conditioning e.g. chocolate, unsafe sex
Name the limitations of conditioning theories
- Classical and operant conditioning based on simple stimulus-response associations
- No account of cognitive processes, knowledge, beliefs, memory, attitudes, expectations etc.
- No account of social context
In social learning theory when are people motivated to perform behaviours?
• People are motivated to perform behaviours:
– that are valued (lead to rewards)
– that they believe they can enact (self-efficacy)
• We learn what behaviours are rewarded, and
how likely it is we can perform behaviour, from observing others
• Modelling more effective if models (person) are viewed as high status or ‘like us’ (value/ability)
Give a negative outcome of social learning theory
Drinking, Drug abuse
Give a Positive outcome of social learning theory
Peer education, Celeb role models
What do the social cognition models focus on?
Cognitive factors in health-related behaviour – knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, expectations etc.
Describe the health belief model
Learn drawing
What are the limitations of the health belief model
Ignores:
- Rationale and reasoning – often consequences are only thought about after the action
- Decisions – habit, conditioned behaviour, coercion
- Emotional factors – fear
- Incomplete – self-efficacy, broader social factors
Draw the theory of planned behaviour
see notes
Explain the intention behaviour gap
The TPB model is a good predictor of intentions but poor predictor of behaviour. The problem is translating intentions into behaviour.
Why was the stages of change (transtheoretical) model created?
The way people think about health behaviours, &
willingness to change their behaviour, are not static. Therefore created stages which people may
pass through over time in decision making / change different cognitions may be important determinants of health behaviour at different times
Name the 6 stages of the transtheoretical model
1) Precontemplation
2) Contemplation
3) Preparation
4) Action
5) Maintenance
6) Relapse
Draw the stages of change model
See notes
What is considered hazardous drinking?
Peoplewhoaredrinkingoverthesensible
drinkinglimits,eitherregularexcessiveconsumptionorlessfrequentsessions ofheavydrinking.Howevertheyhavesofar
avoidedsignificantalcoholrelatedproblems.
What is considered harmful drinking?
Drinkingatlevelsabovethoserecommendedfor
sensibledrinking and higher than ‘hazardousdrinkers’. Also have alcoholrelatedharm -physicalormental.
What is considered moderate dependance drinking?
Drinkerswhohavea‘degree’ofdependence
butwhohavenotreachedthestageof‘relief
drinking’whichistosaydrinkingtoavoid
physicaldiscomfortfromwithdrawal
symptoms.
What is considered severe dependance drinking?
‘chronicalcoholics’ - typically they have experienced significant alcohol withdrawal and have formed the habit of drinking to stop withdrawl.
What is considered complex needs drinking?
Part of severe depndance group. Drinkerswithcomplexneedssuchas
psychiatricproblems,poly‐drugdependence,
homelessness,andmultiplepreviousepisodes
oftreatment.
Which alcoholic group is eligible for detox in community?
Up to moderate dependance
Which alcoholic group may require in-patient alcohol detox?
Severe dependance
Briefly describe the management of patience with substance misuse
Pharmalogical - Substitute prescription, Symptom med i.e. supportive, relapse prevention drugs e.g. disulfarim
Councelling and advice
Social and environment
Describe drug using behaviour
• Purposive • Itisanattempttomeetaneed... • Meaningful • Comprehensible (Bollocks)
Describe 3 strategies for changing health behaviour
- Information – health education, health promotion
- Behavioural skills and resources e.g. smoking cessation programmes, exercise advice
- Incentives to change e.g. financial incentives
