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Human Skeletal Biology > Directional Terms > Flashcards

Directional Terms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Toward the head

A

Superior

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2
Q

Away from the head

A

Inferior

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3
Q

Toward the front

A

Anterior

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4
Q

Toward the back

A

Posterior

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5
Q

Toward the midline

A

Medial

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6
Q

Away from the midline

A

Lateral

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7
Q

Nearest the axial skeleton, usually used for limbs

A

Proximal

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8
Q

Farthest from axial skeleton

A

Distal

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9
Q

Outer, closer to surface

A

External

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10
Q

Inner

A

Internal

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11
Q

External to that which it acts upon

A

Extrinsic

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12
Q

Internal to that which it acts upon

A

Intrinsic

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13
Q

Inner surface of the cranial vault

A

Endocranial

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14
Q

Outer surface of the cranial vault

A

Ectocranial

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15
Q

Closer to the surface

A

Superficial

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16
Q

Far from the surface

A

Deep

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17
Q

Just below the skin

A

Subcutaneous

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18
Q

Palm side of hand

A

Palmar

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19
Q

Sole of foot

A

Plantar

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20
Q

The “hollow” of hand or foot

A

Volar

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21
Q

Top of foot, back of hand

A

Dorsal

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22
Q

The ____ boundary of the parietal bone is the sagittal suture

A

Superior

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23
Q

The ____ surface of the calcaneus is the part of the bone that rests nearest to or touches the ground

A

Inferior

24
Q

The sternum is _____ to the vertebral column

A

Anterior

25
Q

The occipital bone is on the ____ (and inferior) end of the skull

A

Posterior

26
Q

The sternum is ____ to the adjacent distal ribs

A

Medial

27
Q

The thumb occupies a _____ position relative to the little finger in standard anatomical position

A

Lateral

28
Q

The _____ end of the humerus is the end toward the shoulder

A

Proximal

29
Q

The _____ end of the terminal foot phalanx fits into the front end of a shoe

A

Distal

30
Q

The rib cage is _____ to the lungs and heart

A

External

31
Q

The _____ surface of the parietal is marked by a set of grooves made by blood vessels that lie external to the brain

A

Internal

32
Q

Flexor pollicis longus, a muscle that flexes the thumb, is considered an _____ hand muscle because the belly of the muscle us found deep in the forearm, not in the hand itself

A

Extrinsic

33
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis, another muscle that flexes the thumb is considered _____ hand muscle because the muscle is located entirely in the hand

A

Intrinsic

34
Q

The brain fills the _____ cavity

A

Endocranial

35
Q

The temporal line is on the _____ surface of the parietal

A

Ectocranial

36
Q

The ribs are _____ compared to the heart

A

Superficial

37
Q

The dentine core of a tooth is _____ to the enamel

A

Deep

38
Q

The anteromedial surface of the tibia is _____

A

Subcutaneous

39
Q

The _____ digits bear fingertips

A

Palmar

40
Q

The _____ surface of the foot contacts the ground during the normal walking

A

Plantar

41
Q

_____ is synonymous with palmar and plantar

A

Volar

42
Q

The _____ surfaces of the hands and feet often bear hair

A

Dorsal

43
Q

Toward the midline of the dental arch where the central incisors contact each other, this point falls on the sagittal (midline) plane

A

Mesial

44
Q

The anterior face of the molar and premolar crowns and the medial face of the canines and incisors are the _____ surfaces

A

Mesial

45
Q

Away from the midline point of the dental arch where the central incisors contact each other

A

Distal

46
Q

The _____ half of a premolar is the posterior half of tooth

A

Distal

47
Q

The ____ surface of the canine tooth touches the distal surface of the second incisor, while the distal surface of the canine tooth touches the mesial surface of the first premolar

A

Mesial

48
Q

Toward the tongue

A

Lingual

49
Q

The ____ surfaces of the tooth crowns are usually hidden from the view when a person smiles

A

Lingual

50
Q

Away from the tongue, visible when someone smiles

A

Buccal/Labial

51
Q

Along the toothrow

A

Mesiodistal axis (MD)

52
Q

Perpendicular to mesiodistal

A

Buccolingual (BL) axis

53
Q

Mesiodistal (MD)

A

Tooth length

54
Q

Buccolingual (BL)

A

Tooth “breadth”

55
Q

Chewing surface of the tooth

A

Occulusal

56
Q

At or around the neck of the tooth

A

Cervical

57
Q

Toward the tip, apex of the root

A

Apical

Human Skeletal Biology (6 decks)

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