Directing Part 2

Question 1

What ability of an individual does leadership indicate?

Answer 1

It indicate s the ability of an individual to maintain good interpersonal relationships with followers and motivating them to achieve the organizational goal.

Question 2

What are the features of leadership?

Answer 2

It indicates the ability of influencing others. It tries to bring changes to the behavior of others. It shows the relationship between leader and follower. It helps achieve common goals of an organization. It’s a continues process.

Question 3

What are the two main things that play an important role in leadership?

Answer 3

Leader and Follower.

Question 4

What makes you say that the leader and follower are the main Objects in leadership?

Answer 4

It is said that a good followers make a person a good leader, by accepting his leadership.

Question 5

What makes you think that leaders are vital to an organization?

Answer 5

A leader not only commits his followers to the organizational goals but also pools in needed resources, guides and motivates subordinates to reach the goals.

Question 6

What are the importance of leadership?

Answer 6

A leader makes employees contribute positively. He helps them fulfill their needs. He helps introduce changes smoothly. He handles conflicts among followers and he helps create a smooth succession.

Question 7

How does the leader make the employees contribute positively?

Answer 7

A leader greatly influences the behavior of his employees and makes them positively contribute their energies to achieve the organizational goals.

Question 8

How does a leader fulfill the needs of employees?

Answer 8

By maintaining a personal relationship with them and by providing needed confidence, support and encouragement.

Question 9

How does leadership create a congenial environment?

Answer 9

By satisfying the needs of the employees by giving the confidence, support and encouragement.

Question 10

How does leadership help in introducing changes smoothly?

Answer 10

He overcomes the problem of resistance by persuading, clarifying and inspiring people to accept change wholeheartedly.

Question 11

How does a leader handle conflicts?

Answer 11

By allowing employees to ventilate their feelings and disagreements but persuading them by giving suitable clarification.

Question 12

How does a leader create a smooth succession ?

Answer 12

He provides training to his subordinates and build up a proper successor.

Question 13

Define Leadership?

Answer 13

It the process of of influencing the behavior of people by making them strive voluntarily towards achievement of organizational goals.

Question 14

What are the qualities of a good leader?

Answer 14

Good physical features. Knowledge. Integrity. Initiative. Communication skills. Motivation skills. Self confidence. Decisiveness. Good social skiils

Question 15

How is physical feature a quality of a good leader?

Answer 15

Physical features form the physical personality of a person and these good features attract people. Good health also means that he has more endurance and can work hard which can inspire others to work hard too.

Question 16

Why should a good leader have knowledge?

Answer 16

A knowledgeable and competent leader is able to instruct and direct his subordinates in a proper and correct way.

Question 17

Why should a good leader have integrity?

Answer 17

A leader should have integrity and be honest so that he will be role model to others regarding ethics and values.

Question 18

What do you mean when you say a good leader should have initiative?

Answer 18

A good leader should not wait for opportunities to come his way but should grab opportunities and use to the firms advantages.

Question 19

Why should a good leader have communication skills?

Answer 19

Because he should have the capacity to clearly explain his ideas and make people understand his ideas

Question 20

Why should a good leader have motivation skills?

Answer 20

He should be an effective motivator because he should be able to understand the needs of people and motivate them to achieve their goals.

Question 21

Why should a good leader be self confident?

Answer 21

A leader should be confident even in bad times so that he can provide confidence to his employees even in those bad times.

Question 22

How should a leader be decisive?

Answer 22

Once a leader is convinced of a fact he should be firm about it and should not change his opinion frequently. He should be stern.

Question 23

Why should a good leader have social skills?

Answer 23

He should be sociable and friendly to all his followers that way he maintain a good human relationship with them.

Question 24

Is it possible for an individual to posses all the qualities of a good leader?

Answer 24

NO.

Question 25

On what basis are the leadership styles classified?

Answer 25

They are classified on the basic of use of authority.

Question 26

What are the classifications for the styles of authority?

Answer 26

Authoritarian or Autocratic leader. Democratic or Participative leader. Laissez faire or Free-reign leade.

Question 27

What is autocratic type of leadership?

Answer 27

Such a leader gives orders and expects them to be followed obediently. Communication is only one way and subordinates only act according to the order. This kind of leader is dogmatic i.e does not wish to be contradicted.

Question 28

What is a dogmatic leader effective in doing?

Answer 28

This type is effective in getting productivity in many situations like factory conditions and in making quick decisions.

Question 29

What is a democratic or participative leadership style?

Answer 29

This is a leadership style where the leader makes decisions only after consulting his subordinates. He encourages them to participate in decision making. Now a days people use this as they realize that employees perform best when they set their own goals.

Question 30

What is a Laissez faire or free reign leadership style?

Answer 30

In this style the leader does not use power unless he thinks it is absolutely necessary. The followers are given a high degree of independence to formulate their own objectives and ways to achieve them. The work on their own task resolving issues themselves. The leader only plays a supportive role and supplies them with necessary information to reach the goal.

Question 31

Which leadership style out of the three should be adopted?

Answer 31

Leaders may choose to exercise different combinations of these styles. Whatever the situation demands.

Question 32

Define communication.

Answer 32

It is the process of transferring information from the sender to the receiver with the information being understood by receiver.

Question 33

What makes you say that communication is vital for effective directing?

Answer 33

The amount of knowledge doesn't matter if the leader cannot communicate his ideas effectively. His directing abilities depend on his communication skills.

Question 34

What are the elements of communication?

Answer 34

Sender. Message. Encoding. Media. Decoding. Receiver. Feedback. Noise.

Question 35

Explain the process of communication?

Answer 35

It starts from the sender. The message is then encoded and sent across a media. Once the receiver gets the message he decodes it and sends the feedback

Question 36

What are the importance of communication?

Answer 36

Basis for coordination. Helps in smooth working. Acts as a basis for decision making. Increases managerial effeciency. Promotes industrial peace. Establishes effective leadership. Boosts morale and motivation.

Question 37

How is communication a basis for coordination?

Answer 37

It's acts as a basis for coordination. Such coordination is providing by explaining about the goals.

Question 38

How does communication help in smooth operation?

Answer 38

It act like a lubricant. All interactions in the organization depends on communication. It helps coordinate human and physical elements of an organization into an efficient and active working unit that achieves the common objective.

Question 39

How is communication a basis for decision making?

Answer 39

Communication provides relaxant information and only on the basis of this information can the right decision be taken.

Question 40

How does communication increase managerial efficiency?

Answer 40

It is essential for quick and effective performance of the managerial function. Conveying targets, responsibilities and allocation of jobs is only possible with communication. It lubricates the entire organization and keeps work going efficiently.

Question 41

How does communication promote industrial peace?

Answer 41

Efficient operation is only possible with industrial peace and this is achieved by mutual cooperation between managers and workers. And this cooperation can only be achieved by communication.

Question 42

How does communication establish efficient leadership?

Answer 42

A leader should be able to influence subordinates and effective communication is the only way to achieve this. While influencing people leaders should posses this skill.

Question 43

How does communication boost morale and motivations?

Answer 43

Communication enable managers to motivate, influence and satisfy subordinates. Good communication lets subordinates get adjusted to work and it improves human realation. Communication is also the key of a democratic style of management.

Question 44

How is communication classified?

Answer 44

Formal and informal type of communication.

Question 45

What is formal communication?

Answer 45

It is the flow of communication that goes through the official channel of communication designed in the organizational structure.

Question 46

Between who all can official communication take place?

Answer 46

It can take place between superior and subordinate and between two employees at the same level.

Question 47

How is formal communication further classified information?

Answer 47

Vertical and horizontal.

Question 48

How can horizontal communication take place?

Answer 48

It can take place between one division and another.

Question 49

What is a communication network?

Answer 49

It is the pattern through which communication flows in a organization.

Question 50

Give some examples of formal communication networks.

Answer 50

Chain. Whell. Circular. Free flow. Inverted V.

Question 51

How does communication flow in a chain network?

Answer 51

This networks exists between every superior and subordinate. Here communication flow from superior to subordinate or vise-versa.

Question 52

How does communication flow in a wheel network?

Answer 52

Here all the subordinates under one superior communicate only through him. He acts like a hub for their communication.

Question 53

How does communication flow in a circular network?

Answer 53

Here communication moves in a circle. Each person can communicate with the adjoining two persons. Communication is very slow in this network.

Question 54

How does communication flow in a free flow network?

Answer 54

Here each person can communicate freely with others in the company. This type of communication is really fast.

Question 55

How does communication flow in a inverted V network?

Answer 55

Here a subordinate is allowed to communicate with his superior and with his superior's superior. However only prescribed communication happens with his superior's superior.

Question 56

What is informal communications?

Answer 56

This is the type of communication that happens within the organization but without flowing through the formal lines of communication.

Question 57

Why is informal communication generally refers to as grapevine?

Answer 57

Because it spreads throughout the organization like wild fire but the source or origin of communication is unknown.

Question 58

Why does a need for informal communication arise?

Answer 58

Humans are social beings. The need for such communication arises from the need of employees to share their views.

Question 59

How should an intelligent manger use the grapevine system of communication?

Answer 59

He should make use of the pastime aspects of the informal channel and minimize the negative aspects of this channel.

Question 60

What are the two features of grapevine system of communication?

Answer 60

It spreads rapidly and the origin of this kind of communication is impossible to find.

Question 61

What are the kinds of grapevine communication networks and how does communication flow in them?

Answer 61

Single strand; communication flows in a sequence. Gossip network; communication flow in a non-selective bias. Probability network; a person communicates randomly with the other person. Cluster network; here a person only communicates with people he trusts.

Question 62

What are communication barriers?

Answer 62

These are obstacles for communication. These prevent proper flow of communication.

Question 63

What are the kinds of barriers to communication?

Answer 63

Semantic, Psychology, Organizational and Personnel barriers of communication.

Question 64

What are Semantic barriers?

Answer 64

These barriers to communication that happen at the decoding or encoding part of the communication processs. These are barriers in the linguistic of meaning of words and sent news in communication.

Question 65

What are the different kinds of semantic barriers?

Answer 65

Badly expressed messages. Symbols with different meanings. Faulty translation. Unclarified assumptions. Technical jargon. Body language and gesture decoding.

Question 66

How is a badly expressed message a semantic barrier?

Answer 66

These are barriers where the sender is not able to properly express or convey the intended meaning to the receiver. These normally happen because of inadequate vocabulary, wrong usage of words or omission of needed words etc.

Question 67

How are symbols with different meanings a semantic barrier?

Answer 67

A word might have several meanings. And when such words are used in communication the receiver is forced to perceive one such meaning of the word used. The meaning perceived might not be the meaning the sender intended.

Question 68

How is a badly uncalrified assumption a semantic barrier?

Answer 68

Some communications may be based on some assumptions which may be subject to different interpretations. This normally happens when the sender gives vague instructions to the receiver.

Question 69

How is a badly technical jargon a semantic barrier?

Answer 69

This normally happens when specialist communicate something to non speacialists. Some words familiar specialists may be not be familiar to non specialists and so the meaning of some words may not be understood.

Question 70

How is a badly body language and gesture decoding a semantic barrier?

Answer 70

Every body movement and gesture convey something and they are very important in communication. If there is no match between what is said and the body language the message may be perceived wrongly.

Question 71

What are psychological barriers?

Answer 71

These are barriers to communication which are caused by psychological and emotional factors such as state of Mind and emotional mind set.

Question 72

How is premature evaluation a psychological barrier?

Answer 72

These are barriers which are caused by the evaluation of the message by the receiver before the sender completes his message. This may be caused by a pre-conceived notion or prejudice of communication.

Question 73

How is lack of attention a psychological barrier?

Answer 73

These are barriers which are doused to the pre occupied mind of the receiver resulting in not listening to the message of the sender. The receiver might get bits of the message or not get the message at all.

Question 74

How is loss by transmission and lack of retention a psychological barrier?

Answer 74

This is a barrier where if there are many people through which the communication is passed or if there many successive transmission of the message it may result in the loss of information and transmission of inaccurate information. The other problem is lack of retention. Here people can't retain information for too long if they inattentive etc.

Question 75

How is distrust a psychological barrier?

Answer 75

This is the barrier that happens due to the lack of trust between the sender and receiver. This distrust will not allow them understand each other's message in the original sense.

Question 76

What are organisational barriers?

Answer 76

These are barriers to communication which are caused by factors like organisational structure authority relations and regulations.

Question 77

What are the organisational barriers of communication?

Answer 77

Organisational Policy. Rules and Regulations. Status. Complexity in organisational structure. Organisational facilities to communication.

Question 78

How is organisational policy an organisational barrier?

Answer 78

This is a barrier where if the organisational policy is not explicitly or implicitly supportive of free flow information through out the organisation it may hamper effectiveness of communication.

Question 79

How is rules and regulation an organisational barrier?

Answer 79

Rigid and cumbersome procedures may be a hurdle to communication. Communication through the scalar chain or any prescribed channel may result in delays.

Question 80

How is status an organisational barrier?

Answer 80

A status of a superior may create a psychological barrier between him and his subordinate and this may hamper effectiveness of communication as the superior may not allow the subordinate to communicate freely.

Question 81

How is complexity in the organisational structure an organisational barrier?

Answer 81

In a firm where there are many levels of management the communication may be delayed and the information might get distorted.

Question 82

How is organisational facility an organisational barrier?

Answer 82

This is a barrier where if the organisation does not providing enough facilities for smooth, clear and timely communication it may hamper proper communication.

Question 83

What are personal barriers of communication?

Answer 83

Theses are barriers to communication which are caused by personal factors of both sender and receiver. These factors influence affect effective communication.

Question 84

What are the personal barriers to communication?

Answer 84

Fear of challenge to authority. Lack of confidence of superior on subordinate. Unwillingness to communicate. Lack of incentive.

Question 85

How is fear of challenge of authority a personal barrier to communication?

Answer 85

If the superior feels that the communication of a particular information may adversely effect his authority he may not be willing to communicate and withhold that information.

Question 86

How is the lack of confidence of superior on subordinate a personal barrier to communication?

Answer 86

If the superior does not have enough confidence in one subordinate he may not seek his opinion while making a decision and also may withhold some information from him.

Question 87

How is unwillingness to communicate a personal barrier of communication?

Answer 87

Sometimes subordinates might not be prepared to communicate to a superior if they think it may not be in accord with their interest.

Question 88

How is lack of proper incentive a barrier to communication?

Answer 88

If there is no motivation or incentive for subordinates to communicate, they may not take the initiative to communicate. This might be because of no recognition or rewards for suggestions that makes the subordinate withhold his useful suggestion.

Question 89

What are the things to be done to improve communication?

Answer 89

Clarify ideas before communicating. Say according to the receivers needs. Consult other before communicating. Be aware of the language, tone and context. Convey helpful and valuable things to the listener. Ensure proper feedback. Communicate for present as well as future. Follow up communication. Be a good listener.