Direct to indirect speech Flashcards
Direct Speech
Est-ce-que/qu’
What is the indirect speech for Est-ce-que/qu’ ?
Est-ce-qu/qu’ in direct speech = Si/S’ in indirect speech
Est-ce-que/qu’ = is
Est-ce que tu viendras ?
Is it that you will come?/ Will you come?
Indirect Speech
SI/S’
Je lui ai demandé s’il viendrait
I asked him if he would come
Way to remember if it starts with Est instead of a Q in the direct speech it changes to Si/s’ in the indirect speech
Direct Speech
Qu’est-ce que
What is the indirect speech for Qu’est-ce que ?
Qu’est-ce que in direct speech = Ce que in indirect speech
Qu’est-ce que = what
Qu’est-ce que tu fais ?
What is it that you are doing?
Qu’est-ce que is changed to ‘Ce que’ in indirect speech
Ce Que = What
Il m’a demandé ce que je faisais
He asked me what I was doing
Way to remember if starts with Qu’ and ends in que in direct speech the changes to ce que in indirect speech
Direct Speech
Qu’est-ce qui
What is the indirect speech for Qu’est-ce qui ?
Qu’est-ce qui in direct speech = Ce qui in indirect speech
Qu’est-ce qui te ferait plaisir ?
What would make you happy ?
Ce qui = what
Il m’a demandé ce qui me ferait plaisir
He asked me what would make me happy
Way to remember if starts with Qu’ and ends with qui in direct speech then it changes to Ce qui in indirect speech
Direct Speech
Qui est-ce qui
What is the indirect speech for Qui est-ce qui ?
Qui est-ce qui in direct speech = Qui in indirect speech
Qui est-ce qui = who is who
Qui = who
Qui est-ce qui est volontaire ?
who is willing ?
Il m’a demandé qui était volontaire
He asked me who was a volunteer
If starts with qui and ends with qui in direct speech then it changes to qui in indirect speech
Inversion questions
Croyez-vous qu’elle viendra ?
Inversion Questions in direct speech = Si/S’ in indirect speech
Croyez-vous qu’elle viendra ?
Do you believe she will come ?
Il lui a demandé s’il croyait qu’elle viendrait
He asked him if he thought she would come
How do Direct questions with interrogative pronouns eg.
Où vas-tu ?
change in indirect speech ?
The interrogative pronoun stays put but the is no subject / verb inversion
Il me demande où je vais
He asks me where I am going
- In indirect discourse, a declarative sentence is preceded by a range of ‘verbs + que’ eg. demander que
- où - interrogative pronoun stays put
- Je vais - verb changes in reported discourse because the speaker changes
- vas-tu - if verb is inverted it is changed because there is no subject verb inversion in indirect discourse
Explain Orders and commands changing from direct speech to indirect speech
The imperative form is also changed in reported speech.
Introducing verbs include: ordonner (to order) demander (to request) imposer (to impose) exiger (to require) suggérer (to suggest) Followed by 'de/d'' + infinitif
Ex: <> (Go/ Leave)
Il lui a ordonné de partir (He ordered him to leave)
«_space;écrivez quelques lignes sur ce sujet.»
(write a few lines on this topic)
Nous leur avons suggéré d’écrire quelques lignes sur ce sujet
(we suggested that they write a few lines on this subject)
Direct Speech in IMPERATIVE
Changed to indirect speech
DE/ d’ + infinitive
Il lui a demandé de partir
He asked her to leave
CHANGE FROM DIRECT SPEECH TO INDIRECT SPEECH
Jeanne: Quelqu’un EST VENU pendant MON absence ?
Jeanne A DEMANDE si quelqu’un ETAIT VENU pendant SON absence
TRANSLATION
DIRECT SPEECH: Jeanne: Quelqu’un est venu pendant mon absence ?
Jeanne: Someone came during my absence?
INDIRECT SPEECH: Jeanne a demandé si quelqu’un était venu pendant son absence
Jeanne asked if anyone had come during his absence
How the sentence was changed from direct to indirect
in indirect discourse a declarative sentence is preceded
by a range of VERBS + QUE in this example DEMANDER QUE has been used (to ask that)
Jeanne a demandé = verb Demander in the PC
Si has been used instead of que/qu’
Because questions that require a yes/no answer, are not introduced by que/qu’ but by Si/s’
Verb changes
est venue = pc > était venu = PQP
CHANGE FROM DIRECT SPEECH TO INDIRECT SPEECH
Jacques et Sophie: Nous avons gagné un voyage
Jacques et Sophie ont dit qu’ils avaient gagné un voyage
How the sentence was changed from direct to indirect:
In indirect discourse a declarative sentence is preceded by a range of VERBS + QUE in this example DIRE + QUE has been used (to say that)
the introducing verb DIRE is in the PC (because there are two of them Jacques + Sophie = ILS form of dire in the PC has been used) ont dit= PC
Qu’ has been used instead of Que because of the vowel following. QU’ has been chosen instead of S’ because it is not a Y/N question
Nous/ we changed to they, because of the changes it makes gramatical sense to say they won when you are talking in indirect discourse
Nous avons gagné > Ils avaient gagné
PC> PQP
making the necessary subject pronoun changes as mentioned above
TRANSLATIONS
Jacques et Sophie: Nous avons gagné un voyage
Jacques and Sophie: We won a trip
Jacques et Sophie ont dit qu’ils avaient gagné un voyage
Jacques and Sophie said they had won a trip
CHANGE FROM DIRECT SPEECH TO INDIRECT SPEECH
Le directeur: j’accepte les propositions des syndicats
Le directeur a dit qu’il acceptait les propositions des syndicats
How the sentence was changed from direct to indirect:
DIRE + Que has been used
Le directeur > Il
Le directeur a dit = PC
Qu’ used as before a vowel and not a Y/N question
j’accepte > il acceptait - subject propnoun changes due to change from D>I
J’accepte (Present) > Il acceptait (imparfait)
TRANSLATIONS
DIRECT SPEECH : Le directeur: j’accepte les propositions des syndicats
Director: I accept the unions’ proposals
INDIRECT SPEECH: Le directeur a dit qu’il acceptait les propositions des syndicats
The director said he accepted the unions’ proposals
CHANGE FROM DIRECT SPEECH TO INDIRECT SPEECH
Laura: Lisa a contacté la presse
Laura a affirmé que Lisa avait contacté la presse
How this sentence was changed from direct to indirect
AFFIRMER + QUE (to affirm that/ to claim that) has been used in the P.C to repeat the direct speech
Que has been used infront of Lisa because it does not start with a vowel, SI has not been used because it is not a Y/N question
Lisa a contacté (PC) has changed to Lisa avait contacté (PQP)
TRANSLATIONS
DIRECT SPEECH: Laura: Lisa a contacté la presse
Laura: Lisa contacted the press
INDIRECT SPEECH:Laura a affirmé que Lisa avait contacté la presse
Laura claimed that Lisa had contacted the press
CHANGE FROM DIRECT SPEECH TO INDIRECT SPEECH
Arnaud: Où est-ce que Manon a rangé le livre de cuisine?
Arnaud a demandé où Manon avait rangé le livre de cuisine
How this sentence was changed from direct to indirect
DEMANDER + QUE (to ask that) in PC
où stays
est-ce que > is it that (taken out, dont know this one)
a rangé (PC) > avait rangé (PQP)
le livre de cuisine > remains unchanged
TRANSLATIONS
Arnaud a demandé où Manon avait rangé le livre de cuisine
Arnaud asked where Manon had put the cookbook
Arnaud: Où est-ce que Manon a rangé le livre de cuisine?
Arnaud: Where did Manon put the cookbook?
CHANGE FROM DIRECT SPEECH TO INDIRECT SPEECH
«_space;Fais tes devoirs !»_space;
Il m’a dit … de faire mes devoirs
How this sentence was changed from direct to indirect
Unsure why DE used
DIRECT SPEECH Fais tes devoirs
Do your homework
INDIRECT SPEECH Il m’a dit de faire mes devoirs
He told me to do my homework
In indirect discourse, a declarative sentence is preceded by a range of VERBS + QUE
what is the French translation for: to say that
Dire Que = say that
In indirect discourse, a declarative sentence is preceded by a range of VERBS + QUE
what is the French translation for: to announce that
annoncer que= announce that
In indirect discourse, a declarative sentence is preceded by a range of VERBS + QUE
what is the French translation for: to affirm that
affirmer que = to affirm that
In indirect discourse, a declarative sentence is preceded by a range of VERBS + QUE
what is the French translation for: to ask that
demander que = to ask that
In indirect discourse, a declarative sentence is preceded by a range of VERBS + QUE
what is the French translation for: to exclaim that
s’exclamer que = to exclaim that
In indirect discourse, a declarative sentence is preceded by a range of VERBS + QUE
what is the French translation for: to tell that
raconter que = to tell that
In indirect discourse, a declarative sentence is preceded by a range of VERBS + QUE
what is the French translation for: to explain that
expliquer que = to explain that
In indirect discourse, a declarative sentence is preceded by a range of VERBS + QUE
what is the French translation for: to know that
prétendre que = to know that
In indirect discourse, a declarative sentence is preceded by a range of VERBS + QUE
what is the French translation for: to expose that
exposer que = to expose that
In indirect discourse, a declarative sentence is preceded by a range of VERBS + QUE
what is the French translation for: to believe that
croire que = to believe that
In indirect discourse, a declarative sentence is preceded by a range of VERBS + QUE
what is the French translation for: to judge that
juger que = to judge that
In indirect discourse, a declarative sentence is preceded by a range of VERBS + QUE
what is the French translation for: to answer that
répondre que = to answer that
CHANGE FROM DIRECT SPEECH TO INDIRECT SPEECH
«_space;Je ne veux pas y aller»_space;
il dit qu’il ne veut pas y aller
When the verb in the main proposition is in the present, the tense in the reported speech does not change. Present implies simultaneity. You are simply reporting the speech just after it was said.
TRANSLATIONS
DIRECT SPEECH: Je ne veux pas y aller
I do not want to go
INDIRECT SPEECH: il dit qu’il ne veut pas y aller
He says he does not want to go
CHANGE FROM DIRECT SPEECH TO INDIRECT SPEECH
«_space;j’irai demain»_space;
il dit qu’il ira demain
Changing from direct into indirect
J’irai = I will go (futur simple)
il dit is in the present.
If the verb in the direct speech is in the Futur simple the introducing verb is used in the present tense and the main verb aller (to go) remains in the futur simple.
Also worth noting that in this case demain is not changed to le lendemain it remains as is, be careful in exam if the verb is in the PRESENT or the FUTUR SIMPLE I would leave expressions of time such as demain as they are
Qu’ has been used instead of que as a it is followed by a vowel
ONLY WHEN THE INTRODUCING VERB IS IN A PAST TENSE IS THE EXPRESSION OF TIME (in this case demain) CHANGED
TRANSLATIONS
J’irai demain - I will go tomorrow
il dit qu’il ira demain - He says he will go tomorrow
CHANGE FROM DIRECT SPEECH TO INDIRECT SPEECH
Elle dit: «_space;Il fera beau demain et nous pourrons sortir»
Elle dit qu’il fera beau demain et QUE nous pourrons sortir
Changing from direct into indirect
All that has been is QUE has been added ???
ONLY WHEN THE INTRODUCING VERB IS IN A PAST TENSE IS THE EXPRESSION OF TIME (in this case demain) CHANGED
TRANSLATIONS
Elle dit: «_space;Il fera beau demain et nous pourrons sortir»
She says: it will be fine tomorrow and we can get out
Elle dit qu’il fera beau demain et que nous pourrons sortir
She says it will be fine tomorrow and we can get out
What is Le discourse indirect
Indirect discourse refers to sentences which report what somebody asks/asked, states/stated, and/or orders/ordered. It can be used in the present and the past. It presupposes a number of grammatical modifications.
EXPRESSIONS OF TIME
Explain why these need to be changed sometimes when changing Direct Speech to Indirect Speech
When the introducing verb is in a PAST TENSE, the expressions of time in the direct speech have to be modified to reflect the context of the narration
EXPRESSIONS OF TIME
Change the following direct speech into to Indirect speech:
Aujourd’hui
<>
Aujourd’hui = ce jour-là
Il m’a dit que ce jour-là il allait bien
TRANSLATIONS
Ce jour-là = that day
Il m’a dit que ce jour-là il allait bien -
He told me that that day he was fine
EXPRESSIONS OF TIME
Change the following direct speech into to Indirect speech:
Hier
<>
Hier = La veille
Il m’a dit qu’il avait tout vendu la veille
TRANSLATIONS
Hier - yesterday
La veille - the day before
Il m’a dit qu’il avait tout vendu la veille
He told me he had sold everything the day before
EXPRESSIONS OF TIME
Change the following direct speech into to Indirect speech:
Demain
<>
Demain = le lendemain
Il m’a dit qu’il téléphonerait le lendemain
TRANSLATIONS
Demain- tomorrow
Le lendemain - the next day
Il m’a dit qu’il téléphonerait le lendemain
He told me that he would call the next day
EXPRESSIONS OF TIME
Change the following direct speech into to Indirect speech:
(jour) prochain
<>
(jour) prochain = le (jour) suivant
Il m’a dit qu’ils auraient terminé le jeudi suivant
TRANSLATIONS
(jour) prochain- next day
le (jour) suivant - the next day (following)
Il m’a dit qu’ils auraient terminé le jeudi suivant
He told me they would have finished the following Thursday
EXPRESSIONS OF TIME
Change the following direct speech into to Indirect speech:
Ce matin/soir
<>
Ce matin/soir = Ce matin/soir-là
Il a expliqué qu’ils se lèveraient tôt ce matin-là
TRANSLATIONS
Ce matin/soir - this morning/ evening
Ce matin/soir-là - this morning/ evening
Il a expliqué qu’ils se lèveraient tôt ce matin-là
He explained that they would get up early that morning
EXPRESSIONS OF TIME
Change the following direct speech into to Indirect speech:
La semaine dernière/ passée
<>
La semaine dernière/ passée =
La semaine précédente
Elle nous a raconté qu’elles avaient fait la fête la semaine précédente
TRANSLATIONS
La semaine dernière/ passée - Last week
La semaine précédente - The previous week
Elle nous a raconté qu’elles avaient fait la fête la semaine précédente
She told us that they had celebrated the week before
