Diploma D1 Vineyard Establishment CH5 Flashcards
When Establishing a Vineyard, what are the 3 main things to decide at this Time
List some others that will should also be determined at this stage
- Site Selection
- Soil Preparation
- Planting Material
Others
Nutrient Management
Water Management
Canopy Management
When determining site selection for Establishing a vineyard, what should be considered
- What wine you want to make, style, quality, and price
- The natural resources around you
- Price of the land itself (Grand Cru expensive)
- Location, layout and Topography ((Frost pocket, protection can be expensive)
- Steep slopes (bad for Mechanisation, labor can be expensive)
- If vineyard will require irrigation (cost considered)
- Ease of access to vineyard
- Distance to the winery (limit risk of oxidation and microbial spoilage)
- Proximity to towns (Labor, Supplies, Customers, Retail, Distrobution)
- What local or national laws are in place
- Predicted ROI
What Factors into the idea of ‘‘Terroir”
Terre - meaning land
- Sense of place: climate, soil, aspect, elevation
- Some include human intervention: vine density, trellising, and regulations
- Geological makeup of soil, for marketing (ex Chardonnay, chalky soilds)
- Overzealous wine making practices can obscure terroir (ex. Too much new oak)
- Express single vineyard or specific locations
When determining Soil Preperation for Establishing a vineyard, what should be considered
What are some fixes
Now is the time to handle the issues
-Ensure soil within vineyard is suitable for planting vines and growing grapes
-Drainage and structure of soil (root penetration, nutrients holding capabilities)
Fix: Big rocks can be removed, further cultivation can take place
Manure, compost, and fertilizers can be added for nutrients and organic matter
-Mineral Composition
-Presence of pests or unwanted plants
Fix: Ensure old roots have been removed if planed before, must be burn cause can harbor disease
Herbicides for weeds
When determining Planting Materials for Establishing a vineyard, what should be considered
Grape Varieties
Clones
Rootstocks
When deciding grape varieties for a vineyard what climatic factors should be considered
- Time of Budding - Early Budding(Chard) vs Late Budding (riesling)
- Duration of Annual Life Cycle - Early Ripening (better for cool climates, ex. Char & PN) vs Late Ripening (warm climates, ex.Mourvedre, Grenache, Cab Sauv)
- Tolerance to drought - High level water stress better in warm, dry(Grenache in Southern Rhone, Spain) vs Low level water stress better in cool, wet regions
- Resistance to Disease - some grapes are less susceptible to fungal disease (Ex Cab less susceptible to gray rot than merlot, good blending grapes in bordeaux)
- Winter Hardiness - Riesling & Vidal resistant to cold winter temps in Ontario and Finger Lakes
- Vigour - High vigour varieties in fertile soils with plentiful water, will need management (Ex. Sauv Blanc)
When deciding grape varieties for a vineyard what Non Climatic (Stylistically) factors should be considered
- Style of Wine - Ex Low tannin fruity wine, Gamay or Grenache over Nebbiolo or Aglianico
- Yield - High yield for inexpensive wines (ex. Grenache)
- Cost - Some varieites are more difficult, thus more expensive. Ex. Pinot Noir more prone to disease, may require more sprays
- Law - Mainly in EU, wine legislation restrict which grape varieties can be planted (Ex. Prosecco, Glera)
- Availability - Quaratine required to stop spreading of pests and diseases, vines may not be available or sold out
- Market Demand - producer identify what will sell, great example today, Sauvignon Blanc. Capitalize on trends. Can head or top graft onto existing rootstock. Rootstock not equally suited for new grape variety
How can a grower capitalize quickly on a market trend
Advantage and Disadvantage
Can head or top graft onto existing rootstock. Cut origional vine at trunk and graft a new bud
Quicker than brand new planting, use established root system
Rootstock selected based on characteristics of origional grape, may not be equally suited for new grape variety
Why are vast majority of vines grafted
When deciding which Rootstock for a vineyard, what factors should be considered
Vast majority grafted onto rootstock to protect vine from phylloxera, many gafter from 2 diff species in order to have advantages from both
Much more freedom to pick clone from nursery with large selction, not as affected by legislation or consumer popluarity
- Pests - some rootstocks are resistant to pests like phylloxera & knot nematodes. (Ramsey and Dog Ridge, both Vitis Champini, resistant to knot nematodes)
- Water - Some rootstock is tolerent or drought and some of being water logged
(Ex. Hybrid of V. Rupestris and V Berlanderi highly tolerent to drought because of their ability to deep root quickly; V Riparia tolerent to water logged) - Soil pH - Rootstocks help alleviate problems caused by soils that have very high or low pH. (Ex. Hybrids of V. Rupestris and V Berlanderi (high lime content) have high tolerence to acidic soils
- Vigour - Rootstocks can be used to moderate or enhance vigor (ex. Catena Zapata - Cot high vigor in Mendoza) For boosting vine groth or for style. Ex High vigour rootstock for sparkling wine and high acid and high yields better that low yield with concentrated aromas/flavors, tannins
Describe How Vine age vine growth, grape production, quality of fruit and wine
- 2 - 3 years, poor fruit, cut inflorecense so vine can focus resources on growth.
- young vines don’t produce much fruit because they need to build their root systems
10 - 40 years, vine produces highest yields, then deacrases as vigour decreases after this point. Up to grower to decide what is profitable
Old vines 50+ years, remain profitable in super premium areas, in less expensive regions may need to replant for yields
*Not a definitive rule - Old vines better fruit, more balance, more old wood to store carbohydrates for early growing season, more adapted to enviornment
