Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VIDEO EDITING > Digital Video > Flashcards

Digital Video Flashcards

1
Q

Frame rates

A
  • per second
  • FILM - 24 fps (23.98 when shown on tv)
  • PAL - 25 fps
  • NTSC - 30 fps (29.97)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Video Format

A

DV - low range (MiniDV, DVCPro-25, DVCAM)
SD - medium (DVCPro-50, Betacams)
HD - high quality (HDV, DVCPro-Hd)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Image Size DV & SD

A
  • In digital video, resolution is fixed @ 72 dpi (dots per square inch)
  • DV - NTSC 720 x 480 (advantage: divisible by 4, video compression requires 4x4 pixel squares)
  • DV - PAL 720 X 576 (higher in vertical, higher quality)
  • SD - NTSC 720 x 486 (America)
  • SD - PAL 720 x 576 (Europe)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Image Size HD

A
  • 1080i (interlaced - odd rows then even rows) [1920x1080]
  • 1080p (progressive - all rows at once)
  • HD 480i is what you see on tv
  • HD 720i & 720p [1280x720]
  • the 1st number refers to how many vertical lines of information are used
  • All HD formats are 16:9
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Image Size HDV

A
  • Will one day be new norm for HD
  • 1440x1080
  • JVC - 1280x720p
  • Sony - 1920x1080i
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aspect Ratio

A
  • Width to Height of a picture
  • 4:3 (pre-1950’s movies) (1.33 to 1)
  • 16:9 (1.78 to 1)
  • Epic movies (2.35:1)
  • SD - 4:3
  • HD - 16:9
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Letterboxing

A

Adding black bars at the top and bottom of the screen to fit a 16:9 image onto a 4:3 screen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pillarboxing

A

Adding black bars to the sides of the screen to fit a 4:3 image onto a 16:9 screen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Analog Connections

A
  • Composite (low)
  • S-Video (medium)
  • Component (high)
  • Don’t cross digital and analog… can break equipment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Digital Connections

A
  • better than analog
  • firewire vs SDI
  • FW 4 pins, 4 wires
  • SDI works for both standard and HD pictures, can carry just video or video w/ embedded audio
  • SDI is the highest quality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Data Rates

A 
CD audio - 176KB/s
DV - 3.75 MB
SD uncompressed 8 bit - 20.2 MB
SD uncompressed 10 bit - 26.7
720p - 2.4 MB/s
1080i - 3.2 MB/s
1080i uncompressed - 160 MB/s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Storage for 1 hour

A 
DV 13GB
HDV 720p - 8.7
HDV 1080 i - 11.5
8 bit - 72.5
10 bit - 96
1080i - 560 gb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

RAID

A

Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks
Disks running in parallel to record and play back vast amounts of info very quickly
data storage & data throughput
A best practice to play your video w/out dropping frames

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Color Sampling

A

Reduces the color info to reduce the video file size
Human much more responsive to grayscale changes than to color changes
Y-value: Luminance
The brightness level of each pixel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Compression

A

Frame-based (each individual frame)
GOP-based (group of pictures - 12 to 15)
GOP smaller rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Time Code

A

A label that uniquely identifies each frame of video, expressed as hh:mm:ss:ff
essential to non-linear editing, coordinates of a map
2 types, no quality difference, just a label diff.
Drop-frame (exact match)
Non-drop frame (1 hour actually runs 1h4m20s)

17
Q

24 Frame Video

A
  • 24 fps based on film model

* 1 of 3 main rates (24, 25, 30)

18
Q

24 Frame Video Advantages

A
  • always shot progressively, clear & easy to see
  • cleaner still frames
  • file sizes smaller
19
Q

24 Frame Video Disadvantages

A

• if not the speed of final output (artificial frames)
FINAL VERDICT
• Shoot progressive video at frame rate it will be viewed (not 24

20
Q

Pulldown frame

A
  • Duplicates frame before it
  • Done for conversion
  • Done in cadences (2:3:2:3, 2:2:2:4, etc.)
  • Don’t remove frames
21
Q

Color & Video

A

everything is based on red, green & blue
RGB - computer
video
CMYK - printing

22
Q

White Balancing

A
  • Adjusting colors inside the camera to compensate for lighting conditions so that white objects are recorded as white
  • If not done, must do color correction inside software
  • White is an equal amount of red, green & blue
23
Q

Scopes

A
  • Histogram
  • RGB Parade - Amount of red, green & blue
  • Waveform Monitor - black, white & shades of gray
  • Vector Scopes - further out from center, greater the saturation - opposite colors on opposite side of the circle
24
Q

Color Bars

A
  • Make sure that info (colors) recorded and info (colors) played back are the same.
  • Different color bar schemes for different formats
  • Use them to calibrate scopes
  • Not important for DV but essential for Analog
25
Q

Computer vs. Video Graphics

A

sdf

26
Q

Safety Areas

A

Full-Screen
Action Safe - contains all essential action 5% in from all edges
Title Safe - Contains all text and essential logos 10% in from all edges
Why important? As a TV set gets older, it starts to zoom in more!

27
Q

Fixed Resolution

A

Video - fixed, as screen gets bigger, no more info, just bigger pixels 72 dpi, all graphics must be created at same size… 72 dpi
Computer -

28
Q

Progressive vs Interlaced

A 
progressive - all at once
interlaced - even rows, then odd rose
can't design the same quality of graphic
lines must be thicker to compensate
interlaced will appear flickering, disappearing
any given pixel is only on 1/2 the time
29
Q

Best practices

A

Typefaces - 24 points
Lines - 4 pixels wide
Avoid fancy fonts with little curves or small lines (Baskerville, etc.)
Avoid lines leaning close to horizontal or vertical

30
Q

Color Spaces

A

RGB - computer
YUV - TV (much more restricted)
Broadcast safe colors, since computers can create unbroadcastable colors, TV sets can’t play them.
Make sure all the colors are broadcast safe

31
Q

White vs Superwhite

A

In DV, Black = 0, White = 109%
Broadcast safe - white 100% or lower
Computer graphic white elves are 109% by default
Why it’s important to do color correction

32
Q

Audio Sample Rates

A

Measures the audio at a specific time and assigns an average value
Determine frequency response
Sample rate divided by 2 = frequency rate
32K = 32 samples per second
48K is standard for video
up an octave doubles the frequency
More samples = higher quality

33
Q

Bit Depth

A

Determines dynamic range
(the distance between the softest and loudest passages)
0 = loudest
8 bit - 256 levels - 0 - -96 dB (internet & broadcast)
16-bit - 64,536 levels - 0 - -124 dB (CD audio, Video production & post production)
24-bit - 16,777,216 levels, 0 - -143 dB (movie theatre & dvd’s)
Human Hearing - n/a - 0 - -120 dB

34
Q

Wave Forms

A

shows volume of the audio
thinner = quieter & vice versa
WF’s are connected with music.
Not connected with music (pauses) ((so when editing look for where wave forms are thinnest))

35
Q

Audio Meters

A

shows loudness at any given instant
Anything over 0 = distortion (red light)
Make sure never light or even flicker red (can’t fix distortion)
Peak hold bars (last 3 seconds) to show highest sounds

36
Q

Reference Tones

A

Recorded at the beginning of tape to show how loud the audio is supposed to be.
DV is recorded at -12 dB
Analogue at 0 dB
DigiBeta at - 20dB

37
Q

Setting right audio level

A
  • Never exceed 0 dB EVER
  • Dialogue: -6 to -12 dB
  • Sound Effects: -12 to -18 dB
  • Music: -18 dB

VIDEO EDITING (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions