Digestive System to Male Reproductive System Flashcards
hepat/o
liver
chol/e
gall, bile
cyst/o
bladder, sac
emes/o
vomit
lith/o
stone
lapar/o
abdominal wall
-centesis
to puncture
-tripsy
to crush
-rrhea
flow, discharge
-iasis (-osis)
abnormal condition
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
severe heartburn, weakness of the valve between esophagus and stomach may allow stomach acid to back flow into esophagus and inflame lining
Jaundice
means yellowing of the skin or whites of eyes from a backup of bile metabolic by-products from the blood into body tissues
Diverticulosis/diverticulitis
small pouches may form along the walls of the large intestine called diverticulitis. if it is symptomatic, causing pain.. it is called diverticulosis. The abnormal outpocketings may collect and not be able to empty fecal material which can lead to inflammation, diverticulitis
Cirrhosis
means orange-yellow and is a degenerative disease of the liver often develops in chronic alcoholics
Portal hypertension
potential complication of chronic alcoholism resulting in liver damage and obstruction of venous blood flow through the liver. the rising blood pressure in veins between gastrointestinal tract and liver causes engorgement of veins around the umbilicus (naval). causing a radiating pattern of veins called “caput Medusae”
Esophageal varices
bulging, engorged vains in the walls of the esophagus are often complication of chronic alcoholism. The thin-walled swollen veins are at risk of tearing resulting in severe, possibly fatal, bleeding.
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
Crohns Disease
chronic inflammatory disease primarily of the bowl could cause abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhea. rectal bleeding may lead to anemia
Peritonitis
inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity which causes tender abdomen, board-like rigidity of abdominal muscles, no bowel sounds (gurgles)
Gastroenterologist
physician specializing in digestive system inc duding esophagus, stomach and intestines
Proctologist
physician specializing in diseases of rectum and anus
Guaiac test
chemical test to identify blood in the stool
Upper GI series
x-rays of the esophagus and stomach and small intestines having the patient swallow a “milkshake” of barium. The element barium is opaque ; blocks x-rays. Procedure used to identify problems with swallowing, stomach ulcers, twisting of the small intestines
Lower GI series
series of x-rays using a barium enema to show the large intestine and rectum.
used to identify problems such as diverticulitis and tumors
Endoscopy
flexible fiberoptic instrument attached to a video camera that can be used to directly visualize esophagus, stomach and large bowl. Ex: colonoscopy
Ultrasonography (ultrasound)
procedure using high frequency sound waves to visualize internal organs. Used to visualize abdominal and pelvic organs such as pregnant uterus.
rhino
nose
laryng/o
larynx “voice box”
trache/o
trachea “windpipe”
bronch/o
lung air passageways
Pne/u, -pnea
breath, air, lung
plumo/o
lung
-ptysis
spitting (coughing)
-plasty
reconstruction
Pneumonconiosis
an abnormal condition of dust in the lungs, toxic particles are trapped in lung
Epistaxis
nosebleed
cystic fibrosis
inheritable disease that affects lungs and other systems producing mucous such as the digestive system. mucous is thick which results in increased scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs
Emphysema (COPD)
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, progressive destruction of the air sacs in lungs and loss of respiratory membrane for oxygen exchange
Atelectasis
collapsed lung
Pulmonologist
physician specializing in diseases of the lungs
respiratory therapist
technician who administers, among other treatments, inhalation therapy to patients with lung disease
Pulmonary angiography
special X-rays of the vessels of the lungs
Laryngoscopy
visual examination of the larynx
Endotracheal intubation
passing a special air-tube into the trachea so oxygen can be reliably supplied into the lungs without risk of inhaling vomit from the stomach. typically done for surgery or whenever general anesthesia is administered
Nephr/o, ren/o
kidney
hydro/o
water
cyst/o
bladder
pyel/o
renal collecting ducts
ur/o, -uria
urine
olig/o
scanty, less than normal
-pexy
to surgically reattach, fix in normal position
Nephrosis
noninflammatory disease of kidneys
Nephrolith
kidney stone
Urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
Nocturia
frequently getting up and urinating during the night
Enuresis
involuntary release of urine “wetting the bed”
Nephrologist
physician specializing in kidney diseases
Urologist
physician specializing in the genitourinary tract which includes kidneys, urinary bladder and urethra
Cystoscopy
looking into the bladder with a fiberoptic instrument
Intravenous pyelogram
special x-rays showing the drainage pattern of kidneys, a dye opaque to x-rays is infested into a vein. after waiting a period of the blood and dye to pass through kidneys, x-rays can be taken of the collecting system of the kidney, ureter and bladder
Retrograde pyelogram
a procedure where a dye opaque to x-rays is flushed backwards up the urethra and bladder and up the ureters to the kidneys
Voiding cystourethrogram
an imaging technique (x-ray) displaying the urethra and bladder while urinating. technique used after retrograde pyelogram
Dialysis
procedure for cleansing the blood of waste products in individuals with complete kidney failure or who have had kidneys removed by surgery. patients blood is circulated through a machine that removes waste product and then is recirculated back into patient
Lithotripsy
crushing kidney stones with sound waves. can spare the patient surgery possibly
orchid/o
testes
balan/o
head of the penis
andr/o
male
Prostat-o
prostate
vas/o
vessel, duct
-rrhaphy
to suture
Hypospadias
“below the fleshy spike” condition in which the external urinary meatus (opening) opens anywhere below the tip of the penis rather than at the tip
Hydrocele
a fluid filled sac partially surrounding testies. Manifests itself as a swelling on the side of the scrotum. can be surgically corrected by urologist
Varicocele
dilated and twisted veins of the testies, sort of “hemorrhoids” of the strotum manifests itself as a swelling on the side of the scrotum which may look and feel like a “bag of worms” may be surgically corrected. may cause reduced sperm count and male sterility due to sluggish blood flow elevating testicular temp
Cryptorchidism
hidden testicle, lack of testes or testicle in scrotum
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
swelling of the prostate gland which surrounds the base of the male bladder and urethra causing difficulties urinating, dribbling and nocturia
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
surgical cure for BPH, an instrument inserted though the penile urethra is used to partially cut away the prostate to relieve obstruction of the urinary tract
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
marker protein for prostate cell secretions which can be detected with a lab test. rising PSA may be early sign of prostate cancer
Hymen
Membrane surrounding entrance of vagina
Aphrodisiac
chemical released to stimulate sexual sexual desire
Venereal disease
sexually transmitted infectious disease
Hermaphroditism
condition where both ovarian and testicular tissue are found in the same individual
Priapism
continuous, painful erection
Satyriasis
condition of compulsive sexual desire in men
