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Critical Thinking - Medical Terminology > Digestive System to Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Digestive System to Male Reproductive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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2
Q

chol/e

A

gall, bile

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3
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder, sac

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4
Q

emes/o

A

vomit

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5
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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6
Q

lapar/o

A

abdominal wall

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7
Q

-centesis

A

to puncture

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8
Q

-tripsy

A

to crush

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9
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

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10
Q

-iasis (-osis)

A

abnormal condition

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11
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A

severe heartburn, weakness of the valve between esophagus and stomach may allow stomach acid to back flow into esophagus and inflame lining

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12
Q

Jaundice

A

means yellowing of the skin or whites of eyes from a backup of bile metabolic by-products from the blood into body tissues

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13
Q

Diverticulosis/diverticulitis

A

small pouches may form along the walls of the large intestine called diverticulitis. if it is symptomatic, causing pain.. it is called diverticulosis. The abnormal outpocketings may collect and not be able to empty fecal material which can lead to inflammation, diverticulitis

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14
Q

Cirrhosis

A

means orange-yellow and is a degenerative disease of the liver often develops in chronic alcoholics

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15
Q

Portal hypertension

A

potential complication of chronic alcoholism resulting in liver damage and obstruction of venous blood flow through the liver. the rising blood pressure in veins between gastrointestinal tract and liver causes engorgement of veins around the umbilicus (naval). causing a radiating pattern of veins called “caput Medusae”

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16
Q

Esophageal varices

A

bulging, engorged vains in the walls of the esophagus are often complication of chronic alcoholism. The thin-walled swollen veins are at risk of tearing resulting in severe, possibly fatal, bleeding.

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17
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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18
Q

Crohns Disease

A

chronic inflammatory disease primarily of the bowl could cause abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhea. rectal bleeding may lead to anemia

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19
Q

Peritonitis

A

inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity which causes tender abdomen, board-like rigidity of abdominal muscles, no bowel sounds (gurgles)

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20
Q

Gastroenterologist

A

physician specializing in digestive system inc duding esophagus, stomach and intestines

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21
Q

Proctologist

A

physician specializing in diseases of rectum and anus

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22
Q

Guaiac test

A

chemical test to identify blood in the stool

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23
Q

Upper GI series

A

x-rays of the esophagus and stomach and small intestines having the patient swallow a “milkshake” of barium. The element barium is opaque ; blocks x-rays. Procedure used to identify problems with swallowing, stomach ulcers, twisting of the small intestines

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24
Q

Lower GI series

A

series of x-rays using a barium enema to show the large intestine and rectum.
used to identify problems such as diverticulitis and tumors

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25
Q

Endoscopy

A

flexible fiberoptic instrument attached to a video camera that can be used to directly visualize esophagus, stomach and large bowl. Ex: colonoscopy

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26
Q

Ultrasonography (ultrasound)

A

procedure using high frequency sound waves to visualize internal organs. Used to visualize abdominal and pelvic organs such as pregnant uterus.

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27
Q

rhino

A

nose

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28
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx “voice box”

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29
Q

trache/o

A

trachea “windpipe”

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30
Q

bronch/o

A

lung air passageways

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31
Q

Pne/u, -pnea

A

breath, air, lung

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32
Q

plumo/o

A

lung

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33
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting (coughing)

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34
Q

-plasty

A

reconstruction

35
Q

Pneumonconiosis

A

an abnormal condition of dust in the lungs, toxic particles are trapped in lung

36
Q

Epistaxis

A

nosebleed

37
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

inheritable disease that affects lungs and other systems producing mucous such as the digestive system. mucous is thick which results in increased scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs

38
Q

Emphysema (COPD)

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, progressive destruction of the air sacs in lungs and loss of respiratory membrane for oxygen exchange

39
Q

Atelectasis

A

collapsed lung

40
Q

Pulmonologist

A

physician specializing in diseases of the lungs

41
Q

respiratory therapist

A

technician who administers, among other treatments, inhalation therapy to patients with lung disease

42
Q

Pulmonary angiography

A

special X-rays of the vessels of the lungs

43
Q

Laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of the larynx

44
Q

Endotracheal intubation

A

passing a special air-tube into the trachea so oxygen can be reliably supplied into the lungs without risk of inhaling vomit from the stomach. typically done for surgery or whenever general anesthesia is administered

45
Q

Nephr/o, ren/o

A

kidney

46
Q

hydro/o

A

water

47
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder

48
Q

pyel/o

A

renal collecting ducts

49
Q

ur/o, -uria

A

urine

50
Q

olig/o

A

scanty, less than normal

51
Q

-pexy

A

to surgically reattach, fix in normal position

52
Q

Nephrosis

A

noninflammatory disease of kidneys

53
Q

Nephrolith

A

kidney stone

54
Q

Urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

55
Q

Nocturia

A

frequently getting up and urinating during the night

56
Q

Enuresis

A

involuntary release of urine “wetting the bed”

57
Q

Nephrologist

A

physician specializing in kidney diseases

58
Q

Urologist

A

physician specializing in the genitourinary tract which includes kidneys, urinary bladder and urethra

59
Q

Cystoscopy

A

looking into the bladder with a fiberoptic instrument

60
Q

Intravenous pyelogram

A

special x-rays showing the drainage pattern of kidneys, a dye opaque to x-rays is infested into a vein. after waiting a period of the blood and dye to pass through kidneys, x-rays can be taken of the collecting system of the kidney, ureter and bladder

61
Q

Retrograde pyelogram

A

a procedure where a dye opaque to x-rays is flushed backwards up the urethra and bladder and up the ureters to the kidneys

62
Q

Voiding cystourethrogram

A

an imaging technique (x-ray) displaying the urethra and bladder while urinating. technique used after retrograde pyelogram

63
Q

Dialysis

A

procedure for cleansing the blood of waste products in individuals with complete kidney failure or who have had kidneys removed by surgery. patients blood is circulated through a machine that removes waste product and then is recirculated back into patient

64
Q

Lithotripsy

A

crushing kidney stones with sound waves. can spare the patient surgery possibly

65
Q

orchid/o

A

testes

66
Q

balan/o

A

head of the penis

67
Q

andr/o

A

male

68
Q

Prostat-o

A

prostate

69
Q

vas/o

A

vessel, duct

70
Q

-rrhaphy

A

to suture

71
Q

Hypospadias

A

“below the fleshy spike” condition in which the external urinary meatus (opening) opens anywhere below the tip of the penis rather than at the tip

72
Q

Hydrocele

A

a fluid filled sac partially surrounding testies. Manifests itself as a swelling on the side of the scrotum. can be surgically corrected by urologist

73
Q

Varicocele

A

dilated and twisted veins of the testies, sort of “hemorrhoids” of the strotum manifests itself as a swelling on the side of the scrotum which may look and feel like a “bag of worms” may be surgically corrected. may cause reduced sperm count and male sterility due to sluggish blood flow elevating testicular temp

74
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

hidden testicle, lack of testes or testicle in scrotum

75
Q

Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

A

swelling of the prostate gland which surrounds the base of the male bladder and urethra causing difficulties urinating, dribbling and nocturia

76
Q

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

A

surgical cure for BPH, an instrument inserted though the penile urethra is used to partially cut away the prostate to relieve obstruction of the urinary tract

77
Q

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

A

marker protein for prostate cell secretions which can be detected with a lab test. rising PSA may be early sign of prostate cancer

78
Q

Hymen

A

Membrane surrounding entrance of vagina

79
Q

Aphrodisiac

A

chemical released to stimulate sexual sexual desire

80
Q

Venereal disease

A

sexually transmitted infectious disease

81
Q

Hermaphroditism

A

condition where both ovarian and testicular tissue are found in the same individual

82
Q

Priapism

A

continuous, painful erection

83
Q

Satyriasis

A

condition of compulsive sexual desire in men

Critical Thinking - Medical Terminology (4 decks)

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