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Organ Histology Final: 7 and 8 > Digestive System: Oral cavity/mucosa, Tongue, Teeth, Salivary glands > Flashcards

Digestive System: Oral cavity/mucosa, Tongue, Teeth, Salivary glands Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system?

A

Ingestion, mastication, secretion, absorption, elimination of wastes, motility, hormone release, chemical digestion

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2
Q

What makes up the oral cavity?

A

Tongue, teeth, minor and major salivary glands, tonsils, lips

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of oral mucosa?

A

Masticatory mucosa, lining mucosa, specialized mucosa

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4
Q

Where is the masticatory mucosa found?

A

Gingiva and hard palate

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5
Q

What type of surface epithelium makes up the masticatory mucosa?

A

Keratinized or parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium (superficial cells of parakeratinized stratified squamous cells keep their nuclei)

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6
Q

What are the 2 parts of the lamina propria of the masticatory mucosa?

A

Papillary layer- thick loose CT, has blood vessels, nerves, sensory receptors, some Meissner’s corpuscles
Reticular layer- more dense ct

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7
Q

Where is the lining mucosa of the oral mucosa found?

A

Soft palate, underside of tongue, floor of mouth, cheeks, lips

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8
Q

What makes up the surface epithelium of the lining mucosa?

A

Generally nonkeratinized stratified squamous
Occasionally parakeratinized stratified squamous
Keratinized stratified squamous (lips, vermillion border)

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9
Q

What areas of stratified squamous is thicker than the areas of keratinized stratified squamous?

A

Nonkeratinized

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10
Q

What makes up the lamina propria of the lining mucosa?

A

Loose ct with blood vessels and nerves

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11
Q

What makes up the submucosa of the lining mucosa?

A

More dense ct (found in most places, can have minor salivary glands, sebaceous glands, larger blood vessels and nerves)

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12
Q

Where is the specialized mucosa of the oral cavity found?

A

Dorsal surface of tongue

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13
Q

What makes up the surface epithelium of specialized mucosa?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous on filiform papilla

Stratified squamous on all other papillae

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14
Q

What are the general functions of the specialized mucosa?

A

Move food and taste

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15
Q

How is the mucosa of the tongue?

A

Thicker dorsally, thinner and smoother posteriorly

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16
Q

What surface epithelium makes up the tongue?

A

Specialized, includes papillae: filiform, fungiform, foliate, vallate (circumvallate)

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17
Q

What glands are associated with vallate papilla and what is their function?

A

Small salivary glands (von Ebner), they function to produce serous fluid to cleanse the taste buds on these papillae

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18
Q

Which papillae are taste buds NOT included on?

A

Filliform papillae

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19
Q

What makes up the lamina propria of the tongue?

A

Loose ct; adipose possible

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20
Q

What makes up the submucosa of the tongue?

A

Considered present on tongue but adipose is possible

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21
Q

What is unique about the submucosa of the tongue?

A

Contains lingual salivary glands that produce same products as the major salivary glands

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22
Q

What are the intrinsic tongue muscles and how are they arranged?

A

Superior longitudinal muscle, Vertical muscles alternating with Transverse muscles, Inferior longitudinal muscle
*arranged from dorsal to posterior within the tongue(?)

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23
Q

What is the function of the intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Change shape of tongue (important for phonation and moving food around)

24
Q

What are the layers of the teeth from outside to inside?

A

Ameloblasts, enamel, dentin, predentin, odontoblast, dental papilla

25
Q

What are the ameloblasts made up of and what and what’s their function?

A

Polarized columnar cells
They produce enamel
*ameloblasts lost following tooth eruption

26
Q

What is unique about enamel and what is it made of?

A

2mm thick, it is the hardest substance in the body

Made of interlinked enamel rods

27
Q

Can enamel be made after tooth eruption?

A

No

28
Q

What is unique about dentin and what does it contain?

A

It is harder than bone

Contains thin dentinal tubules containing nerves and cell processes of odontoblasts

29
Q

What is the precursor to dentin before mineralization?

A

Predentin

30
Q

What makes up odonotoblasts and what’s their function?

A

Columnar cells lining pulp cavity

They repair and produce dentin (maintain dentin)

31
Q

What makes odontoblasts so different from ameloblasts?

A

Odontoblasts survive in adults unlike ameloblasts

32
Q

What is dental papilla/dental pulp made of and what is a potential problem?

A

CT with many blood vessels and nerves

Excessive inflammation can be a problem

33
Q

What are the three salivary glands?

A

Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual

34
Q

What is unique about the parotid gland?

A

It is the largest salivary gland and produces ~30% of total salivary output; also it is 100% serous producing

35
Q

What is the parotid gland most affected by?

A

Mumps– facial nerve passes through

36
Q

What happens to the parotid gland as one ages?

A

It becomes infiltrated with adipose

37
Q

What are the products secreted by the parotid gland?

A

Salivary amylase (alpha amylase–> breaks down carbs)
Lysosome
Secretory IgA

38
Q

Is the submandibular gland smaller than the parotid?

A

Yes

39
Q

Can the submandibular gland become fatty?

A

Yes, infiltration possible by midlife

40
Q

Is the submandibular gland 100% serous producing?

A

No, it is a mixed gland producing mucus AND serous products; ~80-90% serous producing

41
Q

What is unique about the submandibular gland?

A

It has serous demilunes

42
Q

Is the sublingual gland the smallest salivary gland? How much salivary output does it contribute to?

A

Yes it is the smallest salivary gland, ~5% of total salivary output

43
Q

Is the sublingual gland mixed?

A

Yes, it produces mucus AND serous products; ~8% mucus producing

44
Q

Where do all of the serous producrs of the sublingual gland come from?

A

Serous demilunes; no separate serous acini

45
Q

What are the functions of the saliva?

A

Lubricating and cleansing for the oral cavity
Antibacterial activity
Dissolves food materials for taste sensation
Initiates digestion: salivary amylase/lipase
Aids swallowing by moistening food, helps form bolus
Wound healing due to clotting factors, epidermal growth factor present

46
Q

What is saliva secretion stimulated by?

A

Autonomic efferent impulses

47
Q

What will parasympathetic impulses do to saliva secretion?

A

Increases amount of watery secretion

48
Q

What will sympathetic impulses do to saliva secretion?

A

Result in a decreased amount of saliva with a thicker consistency–> dryer oral cavity

49
Q

What does the mucosa of the luminal wall include?

A

Surface epithelium, lamina propria (loose ct), muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle)

50
Q

What does the submucosa of the luminal wall include?

A

More dense CT, larger blood vessels, submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus which influences mucosa

51
Q

What plexus is found in the muscularis externa of the luminal wall, where is it found, and what is its function?

A

Myenteric (Auerbach) plexus
Found between circular and longitudinal muscle layers
Function is to influence muscularis externa

52
Q

What type of muscle is the muscularis externa and how is its orientation?

A

Smooth muscle

Orientation: inner circular, outer longitudinal (normal)

53
Q

Where is the serosa/adventitia found in the luminal wall?

A

Next to the muscularis externa

54
Q

What is serosa in the luminal wall?

A

Edge of simple squamous epithelium (can contain CT), it is serous producing

55
Q

What is adventitia in the luminal wall?

A

CT, seen in vertical organs

Organ Histology Final: 7 and 8 (8 decks)

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