DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (LAB) Flashcards by FRANCINE PAULLA DE CASTRO

Which of the following is NOT a part of the main digestive tract?
a) Esophagus
b) Stomach
c) Liver
d) Small intestine

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What is the primary function of the digestive system?
a) Transporting oxygen throughout the body
b) Producing hormones for growth
c) Digestion and absorption of food
d) Regulating blood pressure

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Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive system?
a) Pharynx
b) Stomach
c) Liver
d) Large intestine

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Where does most nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?
a) Stomach
b) Large intestine
c) Small intestine
d) Mouth

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Which organ stores bile, a substance that helps in fat digestion?
a) Liver
b) Gallbladder
c) Pancreas
d) Stomach

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Which part of the digestive tract is responsible for expelling waste?
a) Small intestine
b) Large intestine
c) Esophagus
d) Stomach

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The pancreas contributes to digestion by:
a) Producing bile
b) Producing digestive enzymes and hormones
c) Storing undigested food
d) Breaking down fibers

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mixes and moves the contents along the alimentary tract.

Propulsion

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What is the process of taking food into the alimentary tract called?
a) Absorption
b) Propulsion
c) Ingestion
d) Elimination

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the process by which digested food substances pass through the walls of some organs of the alimentary canal into the blood for circulation.

Absorption

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food substances that have been eaten but cannot be digested and absorbed are excreted from the alimentary canal as feces by the process of defecation.

Elimination

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Which of the following processes involves chewing (mastication)?
a) Chemical digestion
b) Mechanical breakdown
c) Propulsion
d) Elimination

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What is the function of the mouth in the digestive system?
a) Absorption of nutrients
b) Production of digestive enzymes
c) Receiving food and producing saliva
d) Filtering toxins from the blood

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What is the posterior soft portion of the mouth’s roof called?
a) Hard palate
b) Uvula
c) Buccinator
d) Soft palate

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mass of muscles covered with mucous epithelium containing taste buds

Tongue

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The mucous membrane lining the inside of the mouth is called

Oral mucosa

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The bony anterior portion of the mouth’s roof is called

Hard palate

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What is the name of the tissue fold anchoring the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

Frenulum

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Which muscle forms most of the cheek walls?

Buccinator muscle

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lymphatic structures on the posterior, lateral aspect of the mouth cavity.

Palatine tonsils

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Which type of teeth are primarily used for cutting?
a) Canines
b) Premolars
c) Incisors
d) Molars

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How many permanent teeth do humans typically have in total?
a) 20
b) 28
c) 30
d) 32

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What is the hardest and most mineralized substance in the human body?
a) Dentin
b) Enamel
c) Pulp
d) Gingiva

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The mucous epithelial covering of the alveolar ridges is called

Gingiva

The narrow portion of the tooth before the crown is called the

Neck

What type of teeth are primarily used for grinding food?

Molars

The portion of the tooth located within the spaces of the mandible and maxillae is the

Root

fibrous lining of the alveolar walls

periodontal membrane

Which is the largest pair of salivary glands? a) Sublingual glands b) Submandibular glands c) Parotid glands d) Buccal glands

What type of secretion is produced by the sublingual glands? a) Serous fluid b) Mucous fluid c) Mixed fluid d) Watery solution

Which salivary glands are located beneath the lower jaws? a) Parotid glands b) Submandibular glands c) Sublingual glands d) Buccal glands

What is the main function of saliva in digestion? a) Breaking down proteins b) Maintaining oral hygiene c) Moistening food and forming a bolus d) Coating the esophagus

Which property of saliva helps maintain the pH of the mouth? a) Enzymes b) Mineral ions c) Mucous fluid d) Serous solution

a watery solution containing mucus, mineral ions, and digestive enzymes.

Saliva

It coats the oral mucosa, mechanically protecting it from trauma during eating, swallowing, and speaking.

Lubricant

Which region of the digestive tract receives food from the mouth? a) Esophagus b) Stomach c) Pharynx d) Larynx

What is the function of the lower esophageal sphincter? a) Assisting in swallowing b) Preventing reflux of acidic stomach content c) Passing food to the windpipe d) Relaxing the esophagus

What part of the digestive tract connects the pharynx to the stomach?

Esophagus

What is a sphincter? a) A digestive enzyme b) A tube for swallowing food c) A circular muscle that maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice d) A section of the esophagus

An enlargement of the digestive tract just inferior to the diaphragm, at the end of the esophagus.

Stomach

What is the opening from the esophagus into the stomach called? a) Pyloric opening b) Fundus c) Cardiac opening d) Gastric inlet

What are the large folds of mucosa in the stomach called? a) Peristalsis b) Rugae c) Curvatures d) Sphincters

Which part of the stomach is located superior to the cardiac opening? a) Body b) Pylorus c) Fundus d) Rugae

a digestive fluid formed in the stomach plays a key role in digestion of proteins.

Gastric juice

portion of the stomach near the pyloric opening into the small intestine and the pyloric sphincter that surrounds the opening.

Pylorus (pyloric region)

main portion of the stomach, forming a greater curvature and a lesser curvature.

Body

What is the name of the short, C-shaped beginning of the small intestine? a) Ileum b) Jejunum c) Duodenum d) Cecum

What part of the pancreas is the widest? a) Tail b) Body c) Neck d) Head

Which portion of the large intestine is subdivided into ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid? a) Cecum b) Colon c) Rectum d) Anal canal

a long narrow, tube that folds to fill a large portion of the abdominal cavity. It is where most of the end absorption of food takes place.

Small intestine

junction of the ileum with the large intestine, featuring an ileocecal sphincter and a one-way ileocecal valve.

Ileocecal junction

produces bile that is secreted into the duodenum.

Liver

The thin section between the head and the body

Neck

break down food in the small intestine, and also neutralize stomach acid

digestive enzymes

absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food, and then stores and eliminates solid waste

large intestine

Serous membrane that covers the organs (visceral peritoneum) and inner wall of the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum)

peritoneum

extensions of the peritoneum, composed of a thin sheet of connective tissue sandwhiched between two layers of serous membrane

mesenteries

connects the stomach’s greater curvature to the transverse colon and posterior abdominal wall.

greater omentum