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Bio 224 > Digestive system (chapter 24) > Flashcards

Digestive system (chapter 24) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What form must all Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, all be in before they can be absorbed?

A

must be broken down to their monomers

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2
Q

Give the medical name for the process of chewing

A

mastication

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3
Q

Give the medical name for the process of swallowing

A

deglutition

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4
Q

What enzymes are responsible for the chemical breakdown of our carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?

A

digestive enzymes

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5
Q

The release of water, acids, enzymes, buffers, and salts by the epithelium of the digestive tract and by glandular organs, is known as __________

A

secretion

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6
Q

What do we call the movement of organic monomers, electrolytes, vitamins, and water across the epithelium and into the interstitial fluid of the digestive tract

A

absorption

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7
Q

What is known as the removal of waste products from body fluids?

A

excretion

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8
Q

What is another name for defecation?

A

egestion

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9
Q

Give another name for the Gastro Intestinal Tract/GI Tract

A

Alimentary Canal

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10
Q

Where does your stomach send chyme to?

A

small intestine

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11
Q

What does the Gall Bladder store and where does it eventually send it to?

A

Store bile from the liver

sends it to the small intestine

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12
Q

the small intestine secretes digestive enzymes to mix with chyme for final breakdown and also secretes digestive hormones into blood.
true or false?

A

true

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13
Q

What is found in the Pancreatic juices produced by the pancreas?

A

digestive enzymes (sent to small intestine)

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14
Q

What produces and secretes Insulin into the blood after eating?

A

pancreas

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15
Q

What absorbs water and salt to form feces?

A

Large Intestine

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16
Q

What pushes the food down the Esophagus toward the stomach?

A

Peristalsis

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17
Q

Your salivary glands secrete saliva that contains which digestive enzyme that is for the breaking down of carbohydrates?

A 
salivary amylase
(pancreatic amylase also exists to further break down carbs)
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18
Q

What 2 things do the exocrine cells of the Pancreas secrete?

A
  • Buffers

* Digestive enzymes

19
Q

What do the Endocrine cells of the Pancreas secrete?

A

Hormones

20
Q

Name the 4 major layers that make up the wall of the Alimentary (Gastrointestinal) Tract from innermost to outermost

A
  • Mucosa (innermost)
  • Submucosa (second layer)
  • Muscularis Externa (third layer)
  • Serosa (outermost) (part of peritoneum)
21
Q

Your tongue is covered in taste buds called _________ cells

A 
Gustatory cells
(assist in mechanical breakdown and swallowing (deglutition) of food
22
Q

You get 20 Primary Dentition, or Deciduous teeth, what kind of teeth are these?

A

milk or baby teeth

23
Q

You get 32 Secondary Dentition which are your what?

A

Permanent teeth (adult teeth)

24
Q

Where do we first begin carbohydrate digestion and breakdown ?

A

in the mouth

25
Q

Where do we first begin digestion of a food that is composed of simple sugars, protein, and some flavoring?

A

stomach

26
Q

Which part of our body is responsible for the dehydration and compaction of indigestible material?

A

Large Intestine

27
Q

Name 4 functions of the digestive system

A
  • mechanical processing
  • absorption
  • secretion
  • ingestion
28
Q

What part of the small intestine would be most likely to develop an ulcer from exposure to gastric juice?

A

Duodenum

29
Q

What would a blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands interfere with?
(a type of digestion in mouth)

A

interfere with Carbohydrate digestion in the mouth

30
Q

The same epithelial lining thats found in the anal canal, is also found lining the esophagus, oropharynx, and the oral cavity. What kind of epithelial cells are there?
(mechanical)

A

Stratified Squamous epithelium

31
Q

The pancreas produces many enzymes for digestion including proteases (trypsin), pancreatic amylase, lipase, and nuclease.
true or false?

A

true

32
Q

Parietal cells are one of the cell types in the gastric pit, what do parietal cells secrete?
(2 things)

A
  • hydrochloric acid

* Intrinsic Factor

33
Q

The Mucosa layer of stomach is where you’ll find deep folds called rugae and _______ _____ that lead into Gastric Glands that secrete Gastric juice

A

Gastric pits

34
Q

Which of the 4 types of secreting cells of the gastric pits produces Pepsinogen, the inactive enzyme that breaks down proteins?

A

Chief cells: Pepsinogen (protein breakdown)

35
Q

What does the Parietal cells secrete that make the stomach extremely acidic ?
Which inactive enzyme does this acidic condition cause activation of and what is the activated enzyme called?

A
  • hydrochloric acid

* acidic conditions activates Pepsinogen—>Pepsin (active enzyme)

36
Q

What does Intrinsic Factor help you absorb in the small intestine?

A

B-12

37
Q

Serotonin and Somatostatin are secreted my G Cells (Enteroendocrine cells). What do they both stimulate?

A

contraction

38
Q

Name all 4 things produced by G Cells

A
  • Gastrin
  • Histamine
  • Serotonin
  • Somatostatin
39
Q

What does Histamine activate?

A

Parietal cells

40
Q

What do Mucous Neck cells (1 of 4 gastric pit cells) produce?
(obvious)

A

Mucus

41
Q

Name the 2 things that Chief cells secrete

one has to do with protein, one has to do with fat

A
  • Pepsinogen

* Gastric Lipase

42
Q

What emulsifies lipids and fats allowing further breakdown by lipases?

A

Bile

43
Q

What does the Liver make to help regulate cholesterol levels?
( something from lab that broke down triglyceride )

A

bile salts

Bio 224 (11 decks)

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