Digestive System Flashcards
9 abdominal regions
- 3 superior: right and left hypochondriac, central epigastric
- 3 middle: right and left lumbar regions, central umbilical region
- 3 inferior: right and left iliac regions, central hypogastric
Ventral mesenteries
Falciform ligament - liver to anterior wall and diaphragm
Lesser omentum - liver to lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum
Dorsal mesenteries
Greater omentum - greater curvature of stomach to posterior abdominal wall
Mesentary - supports coils of jejunum and ilium
Transverse mesocolon - transverse colon to posterior abdominal wall
Sigmoid mesocolon - sigmoid colon to posterior pelvic wall
4 layers of alimentary canal wall from inner to outer
Mucosa –> submucosa –> muscularis externa –> serosa
Oropharyngeal isthmus
Entranceway from the oral cavity to the pharynx
Mucosa projections on tongue
Filiform - roughen
Fungiform and vallate papillae - tastebuds
3 tonsils
Pharyngeal, palatine, lingual
Functions of salivary glands
Lubricate oral cavity and moisten food
Dissolve chemicals that stimulate the taste buds
Anti-microbial substances
Muscle distribution in oesophagus
1st 1/3 skeletal
2nd 1/3 skeletal/smooth
3rd 1/3 smooth
Innervation of small intestine
Parasympathetic fibres from vagus nerve
Sympathetic from thoracic splanchnic nerves
Small intestine surface features
Circular folds
Intestinal villi
Microvilli
Gastroileal reflex
Accumulation of more chyme in the cecum and ascending colon
gastrocolic reflex
Controls mass movements that propel fecal material toward the rectum
Special features of large intestine
Teniae coli
Haustra
Epiploic appendages
What is celiac disease?
Immune reaction to gluten. Causes inflammatory response of small intestine leading to inflames and flattened villi. Reduces SA for nutrient absorption
What is Crohns disease (IBD)?
Immune system attacks the bacterial antigens located within the GI tract. Causes ulcers and fissures along the intestinal tract
3 arteries that supply the GI tract
Celiac trunk - intraperitoneal organs above the transverse mesocolon
Sup. mesenteric artery
Inf. mesenteric artery
What surrounds the liver?
Connective tissue capsule and visceral peritoneum (not the bare area)
2 blood supplies to the liver?
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery proper
Region where the common bile duct and pancreatic ducts merge
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Effect of nervous activity on the pancreas
Sympathetic - inhibition
Parasympathetic (vagus nerve) - stimulation
Exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas
Exocrine (biggest part) - release of digestive enzymes
Endocrine (islets of Langerhans) - glucagon (a cell) and insulin (b cell)
