CNS

Question 1

Basic structural unit of the CNS

Answer 1

Neurons

Question 2

White matter vs grey matter

Answer 2

White = areas with high myelination
Grey = areas with low myelination

In the brain:
Superficial gray = cortex
Deep gray = basal nuclei
Much white matter deep

In the spinal cord:
Superficial = White
Deep = Gray

Question 3

What produces CSF?

Answer 3

Choroid plexus on floor or roof of ventricles

Question 4

What is the diencephalon?

Answer 4

Thalamus + hypothalamus

Question 5

Gyri vs sulci?

Answer 5

Gyri = folds
Sulci = grooves

Question 6

Pre vs post-central gyrus?

Answer 6

Pre-central = motor control
Post-central = sensory control

Question 7

What are peduncles

Answer 7

Rope-like bundles of axons

Question 8

What are pyramids?

Answer 8

Where 85% of motor tracts cross over (decussation)

Question 9

Components of the midbrain?

Answer 9

Tectum (dorsal) = visual and auditory processing

Tegmentum (ventral) = subconscious control of. upper limb position and muscle tome

Question 10

What is the pons?

Answer 10

The bridge linking the cerebellum with the mesencephalon (midbrain), diencephalon, cerebrum and spinal cord

Question 11

Function of the cerebellum?

Answer 11

Autonomic control of postural muscles of the body

Programming and fine tuning conscious and subconscious movements

Question 12

Functions of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 12

Connects brain to spinal cord and is responsible for complex autonomic reflexes and control of visceral functions
Contains the pyramids

Question 13

What are the meninges and what do they do?

Answer 13

Membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord

Provide a supportive framework for the cerebral and cranial vasculature

Question 14

Layers of the meninges from inner to outer

Answer 14

Pia mater
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater

Question 15

Where is the CSF located?

Answer 15

Between the pia mater and arachnoid mater

In the spinal canal

Question 16

What are the dural folds?

Answer 16

Divide the cranial cavity and help to hold the brain in place. Also houses the venous sinuses

Falx cerebri
Tentorium cerebelli
Falx cerebelli

Question 17

What is CSF?

Answer 17

A clear fluid (150-500mL produced per day) which supplies nutrients and removed waste products from the brain. It also floats the brain and buffers agains knocks

Question 18

What is the dentricular ligament?

Answer 18

A projection of pia mater that tethers the spinal cord to dura mater

Question 19

Where does the spinal cord stop?

Answer 19

L1-L2

Question 20

What is the filum terminale, conus medullaris and cauda equina?

Answer 20

Conus medullaris = tapered end of spinal cord
Filum terminale = pia mater which tethers the end of the spinal cors to the coccyx
Cauda equina = the collection of nerve roots projecting off the inferior end of the vertebral column (horses tail)

Question 21

Size of spinal cord

Answer 21

Larger in cervical and lumbar die to concentration of cell bodies which provide axons to appendicular skeleton. Continuous with shape of vertebrae

Question 22

Sensory on dorsal or ventral horn?

Answer 22

Sensory = dorsal horn
Motor = ventral horn