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ANA 209 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the GI tract include?

A 
Oral Cavity
Pharynx
Esophogus
Stomach
Small Intestines
Large Intestine
Rectum
Anus
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2
Q

Accessory organs include?

A

Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

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3
Q

What are the layers of the GI tract deep to superficial?

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis externa
  4. Serosa/adventitia
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4
Q

What are the layers of the mucosa? Deep to superficial

A
  1. Epithelial - direct contact with food matter
  2. Lamina Propria - basement membrane
  3. Muscularis mucosa - contains many nerves
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5
Q

What type of tissue is submucosa?

A

Connective tissue

- full of lymphatics, nerves and blood vessels

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6
Q

Layers of muscularis externa Deep to superficial

A
  1. Inner - circular muscle fibers

2. Outer - longitudinal muscle fibers

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7
Q

Serosa/adventitia type of tissue

A

Serosa - prevent friction

Adventitia - outer layer made of fibrous CT

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8
Q

How many deciduous (baby) teeth are there?

A

20

- including (half) 2 incisors, 1 canine, 0 premolar, and 2 molar

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9
Q

How many permanent teeth are there?

A

32

- including (half) 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolar, and 3 molar

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10
Q

What is the enamel made of?

A

Calcium mostly

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11
Q

What is the dentin made of?

A

Living cells

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12
Q

What is contained in the pulp?

A

Veins, arteries, and nerves

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13
Q

What is contained within saliva?

A

Water, digestive enzymes, antibacterial enzymes, salts

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14
Q

What digestive enzymes are in saliva?

A

Salivary amylase - digestion of starch

Salivary lipase - digestion of lipids

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15
Q

What is the function of the parotid gland?

A

Anterior to the ear

- Secretes serous fluid

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16
Q

What is the function of the submandibular gland?

A

Inferior to the mandible

- Secretes 50/50 mucous/serous fluid

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17
Q

What is the function of the sublingual gland?

A

Inferior to the tongue

- mostly mucous

18
Q

What is an acinus?

A

Any berry shaped gland

19
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

Muscular tube that connects the oral cavity/pharynx to the stomach

20
Q

What is the gastroesophageal sphinter?

A

Where the esophogus enters the stomach

21
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

Mixes food, rugae mix food, protein digestion breaks down food

22
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

Anatomical sphincter guarding the entrance to the small intestine

23
Q

What is unique about the muscularis externa in the stomach?

A

One extra layer (oblique) adds to the mixing ability

24
Q

What attaches to the greater and lesser curvatures of the stomach respectively?

A

Greater - greater omentum, large fatty flap

Lesser - Lesser omentum, supports and connects stomach and liver

25
Q

What is the function of mucous cells?

A

Produces mucous to protect against highly acidic stomach contents

26
Q

What is the function of chief cells?

A

Produce pepsinogen (precursor to pepsin) to break down proteins

27
Q

What is the function of parietal cells?

A

Produce HCl which is necessary to activate pepsinogen

28
Q

What is the function of endocrine cells?

A

Produce gastrin

29
Q

What is the duodenum shaped like? And what is its function?

A

C-shaped
- where secretions from the pancreas and gallbladder are added to the chyme that has moved from the stomach to the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter

30
Q

What enzymes does the pancreas release?

A

Trypsinogen, amylase, lipase, and ribonuclease

31
Q

What is the digestive function of the liver?

A

Make bile, glycogen, and dispose of RBC

32
Q

What makes up the portal triad?

A

Hepatic vein
Hepatic artery
Bile Duct

33
Q

What type of blood is located in a sinusoid?

A

Mixed - 70% portal vein, 30% hepatic artery

34
Q

What is cholecystitis?

A

Inflammation of gallbladder results in a cholisistectomy

35
Q

What are the three sections of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

36
Q

Characteristics of the duodenum

A

Where the ingredients for digestion are added

- fixed against the posterior abdominal wall

37
Q

Characteristics of the jejunum

A

Absorbs nutrients

- Both jejunum and ileum are suspended by mesentery that allows for mobility during digestion

38
Q

What do intestinal cells include?

A

Enterocytes - absorb nutrients
Goblet cells - secrete mucous
Paneth cells - secrete antimicrobial enzymes

39
Q

Large intestine characteristics

A

Shorter and wider diameter than the small intestine

  • Consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal
  • Haustra - puches of muscularis externa
40
Q

Characteristics of the rectum

A

Does not have haustra

- instead has continuous layers of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa

41
Q

Characteristics of the anal canal

A

Has 2 sphincters - internal (involuntary) and external (voluntary)

ANA 209 (6 decks)

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