Digestive System

Question 1

Surface epithelium; generally is:

Answer 1

simple columnar non-ciliated. It may present depressions called pits, or elevations called villi

Question 2

contains blood vessels, nervesand lymphatics. It also may present lymphoid infiltrationof nodular or diffuse type. Nodules may be solitary or in aggregates, e.g., Peyer’s patches.

Answer 2

Lamina propria

Question 3

A layer of a relatively loose C.T. It contains blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics. The autonomic nerves and ganglia form a plexus known as Meissner’s plexus

Answer 3

Submucosa

Question 4

made up of smooth muscles disposed in two thick layers; an inner circular and outer longitudinal. In the stomach fundus andbody there is an additional innermost oblique layer of muscle fibers.

Answer 4

Musculosa

Question 5

Between the circular and longitudinal layers of muscles there isa plexus of autonomic nerves and gangliacalled the: It provides motor supply to the muscle fibers of the wall.

Answer 5

Myenteric or Auerbach’s plexus

Question 6

a muscular tube which connects pharynx to stomach

Answer 6

Esophagus

Question 7

columnar cells in the fundus that secrete pepsinogen for protein digestion.

Answer 7

Pepticor chief cells

Question 8

Short columnar cells that secrete mucus to protect the mucous membrane surface against gastric juice

Answer 8

Mucous neck cells

Question 9

They secrete the HCland the intrinsic anti-anemia factor

Answer 9

Parietal or oxyntic cells

Question 10

shorter tubularglands made up mainly of mucous secreting cellsand argentaffin cells

Answer 10

Pyloric glands

Question 11

In the pyloric portion near the opening of the pylorus, the inner circular layer is thickened to form the:

Answer 11

pyloric sphincter

Question 12

It consists of duodenum, jejunumand ileum. Its main functions are digestion and absorption.

Answer 12

Small intestine

Question 13

In the duodenum and beginning of jejunum, the core of the villi show dilated lymphatic vessels called:

Answer 13

entral lactealsfor absorption of fat

Question 14

In the ileum, nodules of lymphoid tissue aggregate to form masses known as:

Answer 14

Peyer’s patches

Question 15

stem cellsfor surface and glandular epithelial cells

Answer 15

Undifferentiated columnar cells

Question 16

columnar cells at the base of the gland. They are secretory cells, producing digestive enzymes

Answer 16

Paneth cells

Question 17

endocrine cells which secrete serotonin, secretin(stimulates exocrine pancreas) and possibly cholecystokinin(stimulates gall bladder)

Answer 17

Enterochromaffin (Argentaffin) cells

Question 18

glands in the proximal part of the duodenum which secrete mucusthat protects surface epithelium against gastric and pancreatic secretions.

Answer 18

duodenalor Brunner’s glands

Question 19

The main functions of this organ are absorption of fluid and secretion of mucus for lubrication and easy passage of fecal material

Answer 19

Large intestine

Question 20

The surface epithelium of the colon has no villi, and is made up of

Answer 20

simple columnar absorptive cells (with few microvilli) and numerous goblet cells

Question 21

goblet cells om the colon are for:

Answer 21

lubrication

Question 22

In cecum and colon, the muscle fibers of the longitudinal

layer bundle into three bands of muscles called:

Answer 22

Tenia coli

Question 23

Tag-like protuberances made of adipose tissue are found on the surface of the colon are called:

Answer 23

appendices epiploicae

Question 24

Attached to the colon and is heavily infiltrated with lymphoid tissue:

Answer 24

appendix

Question 25

The internal sphincter is an ______ muscle:

Answer 25

involuntary

Question 26

The external anal sphincter is a ______ muscle.

Answer 26

Voluntary, distal