Digestive System

Question 1

Food moves through the GI tract via muscular contraction

Answer 1

Peristalsis

Question 2

What occurs if the lower esophageal sphincter isn’t properly functioning?

Answer 2

GERD and hiatal hernia

Question 3

pH of the stomach

Answer 3

1-4

Question 4

Stimulation of gastric secretion

Answer 4

Cephalic phase- thought, smell, taste

Question 5

Secretin is released when food enters the duodenum, in turn results in pancreatic enzymes to be released (highly alkaline)

Answer 5

Intestinal phase of gastric secretion

Question 6

The barrier between the colon and small intestine

Answer 6

ileocecal valve

Question 7

The vascular and nervous framework of the small intestine that holds folds of intestines together

Answer 7

Mesentery

Question 8

Carbohydrate is broken down by what?

Answer 8

amylase + PE

Question 9

proteins are broken down by what?

Answer 9

pepsin, Hal, and PE

Question 10

Fats are broken down by what?

Answer 10

Bile salts + PE

Question 11

Where is the appendix?

Answer 11

Attached to the large intestine cecum

Question 12

Straining during defection can stimulate what which can result in a parasympathetic response?

Answer 12

Vagus Nerve

Question 13

What is the entrance point into the small intestine?

Answer 13

Sphincter of Oddi

Question 14

This alkaline, bitter tasting yellowish green fluid emulsify fats for digestion and absorption.

Answer 14

Bile

Question 15

Bilirubin and Bile?

Answer 15

• Bilirubin gives Bile that greenish black color

- Bilirubin is the by-product of destroyed RBC’s that are present in Bile.

Question 16

Liver function

Answer 16

• Blood storage
• Bacterial and foreign particle remover
• metabolizes fats, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 17

What does the exocrine pancreas do?

Answer 17

Secretes enzymes and alkaline fluids (lots of bicarb) to assist digestion

Question 18

Early phase vomiting

Answer 18

metabolic alkalosis

Question 19

Late phase vomiting

Answer 19

Metabolic acidosis due to hypovolemia and lactic acid production

Question 20

Nonproductive vomting

Answer 20

Retching

Question 21

bloody emesis

Answer 21

hematemesis

Question 22

rectal bleeding/bloody stools

Answer 22

hematochezia

Question 23

black, tarry stool

Answer 23

Melena

Question 24

Hidden bloody stools

Answer 24

Occult bleeding

Question 25

closure or tightening of passageway

Answer 25

Atresia

Question 26

GERD manifestations

Answer 26

heart burn
regurgitation of chyme
mid-epigastric pain within 1 hour of eating

Question 27

The blocking or narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the duodenum due to hypertrophy of smooth muscle

Answer 27

Pyloric obstruction or stenosis

Question 28

Manifestations of pyloric obstruction or stenosis

Answer 28

-nausea
-epigastric pain and fullness following a meal
succussion splash
-vomiting undigested food
-prolonged obstruction: malnutrition, dehydration, and extreme debilitation.

Question 29

What do deep or true ulcers result in?

Answer 29

peritonitis

Question 30

Pain 2-3 hours after eating

Answer 30

Duodenal ulcers (most common PUD)

Question 31

peptic ulcer that is related to severe illness, neural injury, or systemic trauma ultimately as a result of decreased blood flow to gastric mucosa.

Answer 31

Stress Ulcer

Question 32

Manifestation of a stress ulcer

Answer 32

Hematemesis is the major sign from erosion of a large blood vessel