Digestive System Flashcards
Food moves through the GI tract via muscular contraction
Peristalsis
What occurs if the lower esophageal sphincter isn’t properly functioning?
GERD and hiatal hernia
pH of the stomach
1-4
Stimulation of gastric secretion
Cephalic phase- thought, smell, taste
Secretin is released when food enters the duodenum, in turn results in pancreatic enzymes to be released (highly alkaline)
Intestinal phase of gastric secretion
The barrier between the colon and small intestine
ileocecal valve
The vascular and nervous framework of the small intestine that holds folds of intestines together
Mesentery
Carbohydrate is broken down by what?
amylase + PE
proteins are broken down by what?
pepsin, Hal, and PE
Fats are broken down by what?
Bile salts + PE
Where is the appendix?
Attached to the large intestine cecum
Straining during defection can stimulate what which can result in a parasympathetic response?
Vagus Nerve
What is the entrance point into the small intestine?
Sphincter of Oddi
This alkaline, bitter tasting yellowish green fluid emulsify fats for digestion and absorption.
Bile
Bilirubin and Bile?
- Bilirubin gives Bile that greenish black color
- Bilirubin is the by-product of destroyed RBC’s that are present in Bile.
Liver function
- Blood storage
- Bacterial and foreign particle remover
- metabolizes fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
What does the exocrine pancreas do?
Secretes enzymes and alkaline fluids (lots of bicarb) to assist digestion
Early phase vomiting
metabolic alkalosis
Late phase vomiting
Metabolic acidosis due to hypovolemia and lactic acid production
Nonproductive vomting
Retching
bloody emesis
hematemesis
rectal bleeding/bloody stools
hematochezia
black, tarry stool
Melena
Hidden bloody stools
Occult bleeding
closure or tightening of passageway
Atresia
GERD manifestations
heart burn
regurgitation of chyme
mid-epigastric pain within 1 hour of eating
The blocking or narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the duodenum due to hypertrophy of smooth muscle
Pyloric obstruction or stenosis
Manifestations of pyloric obstruction or stenosis
-nausea
-epigastric pain and fullness following a meal
succussion splash
-vomiting undigested food
-prolonged obstruction: malnutrition, dehydration, and extreme debilitation.
What do deep or true ulcers result in?
peritonitis
Pain 2-3 hours after eating
Duodenal ulcers (most common PUD)
peptic ulcer that is related to severe illness, neural injury, or systemic trauma ultimately as a result of decreased blood flow to gastric mucosa.
Stress Ulcer
Manifestation of a stress ulcer
Hematemesis is the major sign from erosion of a large blood vessel
