Digestive Drugs

Question 1

Work by blocking one of the vomiting pathways, thus stopping the vomit stimulus

Answer 1

Antimetics & anti nausea drugs

Question 2

Anticholinergic drug that blocks Each receptors in the inner ear labyrinth to prevent motion sickness.

Answer 2

scopolamine

Question 3

Antihistamine drugs:

Answer 3

dimenhydrinate (Drammine)

diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Question 4

Anticholinergic effect of scopolamine?

Answer 4

Dried mucus membranes: dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention

Question 5

Contraindication of scopolamine

Answer 5

glaucoma + prostatic hypertrophy

Question 6

These drugs prevent cholinergic response in vestibular & reticular areas (no N/V). They prevent motion sickness, allergies, and sedation.

Answer 6

Antihistamine drugs

Question 7

When to take the oral form of an antihistamine

Answer 7

1 hour before nausea-stimulus activity

Question 8

Use of Ipecac?

Answer 8

Induces vomiting

Question 9

Suffix and prefix of antidopaminergic drugs

Answer 9

pro-

-azine

Question 10

This drug blocks dopamine receptors in the CTZ. It can also be used for psychotic disorders, and intractable hiccups. Nurses like these drugs because it knocks out patients.

Answer 10

Antidopaminergic drugs (Compazine, Phenergan)

Question 11

Normal side effects of antidopaminergic drugs

Answer 11

sedation, muscle spasms (dystonia), rigidity, reddish-brown colored urine

Question 12

Prokinetic drug

Answer 12

metoclopramide (Reglan)

Question 13

This drug stimulates GI peristalsis aka enhances the emptying of the stomach

Answer 13

Prokinetic drugs- metoclopramide

Question 14

Administration of metoclopramide

Answer 14

Give 30 minutes before meals

Question 15

Serotonin blockers

Answer 15

odansetron (Zofran)

Question 16

This drug is used in pre-chemotherapy and for post-operative

Answer 16

Zofran

Question 17

Adverse effects of Zofran

Answer 17

• dizziness & diarrhea

- headache (may take mild analgesic)

Question 18

Very important contraindication to Zofran

Answer 18

No kids under the age of 4

Question 19

This psychoactive substance inhibits the effects on RF, thalamus, and cerebral cortex

Answer 19

THC (Marinol)

Question 20

Bulk forming laxatives

Answer 20

psyllium (Metamucil)

Question 21

This type of laxative is high fiber and absorbs water to increase bulk & distend bowel to initiate reflex bowel activity.

Answer 21

Bulk-forming laxatives

Question 22

Problem with Metamucil Bulk-forming laxative

Answer 22

Takes 1-3 days to work, can cause rebound diarrhea with excessive use. Reduces appetite, so take after meals.

Question 23

The patient should report what about bulk-forming laxatives?

Answer 23

trouble swallowing

Question 24

stool softener

Answer 24

decussate (Colace)

Question 25

Stool lubricant

Answer 25

Mineral oil

Question 26

These promote more water and fat in the stool

Answer 26

stool softener

Question 27

Therapeutic effect of stool softeners?

Answer 27

1-2 soft stools per day

Question 28

What does mineral oil interfere with

Answer 28

The absorption of fat soluble vitamins- A,D,E,K

Question 29

This drug induces the total cleaning of the bowel

Answer 29

Stimulant Laxative- polyethylene glycol (GoLYTELY)

Question 30

These laxatives decrease fluid absorption from the intestinal walls

Answer 30

Stimulant laxatives

Question 31

Administration of stimulant laxatives

Answer 31

oral- stools should appear within 12 hours | rectal- occur less than 60 minutes

Question 32

Long term use of stimulant laxatives decrease bowel muscle tone, individuals do not have to have any daily bowel movements.

Answer 32

Laxative Abuse

Question 33

Specific administration directions with bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

Answer 33

Give with water because of interactions with milk, antacids, and juices

Question 34

Nursing implications of Laxatives

Answer 34

- Assess fluid and electrolytes before administration - Take all laxative tablets with 6-8oz of water - all laxative tablets should be swallowed whole, not crushed or chewed

Question 35

These drugs coat the walls of the GI tract and bind to the causative agent or toxin to defecate out

Answer 35

Adsorbents (bismuth subsalicylate, activated charcoal, and aluminum hydroxide)

Question 36

Antimotility drugs that dry you up!

Answer 36

Cholinergic drugs- Atropine & scopolamine

Question 37

Do not administer anti motility/cholinergic drugs if patient has a history of???

Answer 37

- narrow-angle glaucoma - GI obstruction - myasthenia gravis - paralytic ileus - toxic megacolon

Question 38

Antimotility drugs/opiates are what drugs?

Answer 38

Immodium | diphenoxylate (Lomotil)

Question 39

These drugs decrease bowel motility and reduce pain from rectal spasms. They allow for more time for adsorption of water and electrolytes.

Answer 39

Opiates

Question 40

Initial dose of Immodium

Answer 40

-4mg to start | then 2mg with each loose stool

Question 41

Why do we stop Immodium?

Answer 41

Stop after 48 hours if diarrhea persists

Question 42

Maximum dose of Immodium/day

Answer 42

16mg

Question 43

What is added to diphenoxylate (Lomotil) to avoid abuse?

Answer 43

Atropine

Question 44

A hypertensive crisis can occur with the interaction between which two drugs?

Answer 44

Lomotil (Opiate) & MAOI's (antidepressants)

Question 45

These should be taken with diarrhea from antibiotic therapy

Answer 45

Probiotics

Question 46

L. acidophilus (Bacid) (Probiotic) works by?

Answer 46

Supplying missing bacteria to the GI tract & suppressing the growth of diarrhea-causing bacteria

Question 47

Contraindications to Antidiarrheals

Answer 47

children younger than 2 | diarrhea due to poisoning

Question 48

Nursing teaching to a patient taking antidiarrheals

Answer 48

suck on hard candy drink fluids safety if dizzy or drowsy call if diarrhea persists more than a couple days

Question 49

Antacids may contain what that is an antiflatulents

Answer 49

simethicone- relieves the pain associated with gas

Question 50

Antacids stimulates secretion of

Answer 50

- Mucus- protective barrier - bicarbonate- helps buffer/neutralize acid - prostaglandins- prevent proton pump activation (acid-maker)

Question 51

Mag sulfate can be dangerous when used with?

Answer 51

Renal failure

Question 52

This is recommended for patients with renal disease

Answer 52

Aluminum salts