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Pathopharmacology 2 > Digestive Drugs > Flashcards

Digestive Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Work by blocking one of the vomiting pathways, thus stopping the vomit stimulus

A

Antimetics & anti nausea drugs

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2
Q

Anticholinergic drug that blocks Each receptors in the inner ear labyrinth to prevent motion sickness.

A

scopolamine

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3
Q

Antihistamine drugs:

A

dimenhydrinate (Drammine)

diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

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4
Q

Anticholinergic effect of scopolamine?

A

Dried mucus membranes: dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention

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5
Q

Contraindication of scopolamine

A

glaucoma + prostatic hypertrophy

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6
Q

These drugs prevent cholinergic response in vestibular & reticular areas (no N/V). They prevent motion sickness, allergies, and sedation.

A

Antihistamine drugs

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7
Q

When to take the oral form of an antihistamine

A

1 hour before nausea-stimulus activity

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8
Q

Use of Ipecac?

A

Induces vomiting

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9
Q

Suffix and prefix of antidopaminergic drugs

A

pro-

-azine

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10
Q

This drug blocks dopamine receptors in the CTZ. It can also be used for psychotic disorders, and intractable hiccups. Nurses like these drugs because it knocks out patients.

A

Antidopaminergic drugs (Compazine, Phenergan)

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11
Q

Normal side effects of antidopaminergic drugs

A

sedation, muscle spasms (dystonia), rigidity, reddish-brown colored urine

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12
Q

Prokinetic drug

A

metoclopramide (Reglan)

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13
Q

This drug stimulates GI peristalsis aka enhances the emptying of the stomach

A

Prokinetic drugs- metoclopramide

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14
Q

Administration of metoclopramide

A

Give 30 minutes before meals

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15
Q

Serotonin blockers

A

odansetron (Zofran)

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16
Q

This drug is used in pre-chemotherapy and for post-operative

A

Zofran

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17
Q

Adverse effects of Zofran

A
  • dizziness & diarrhea

- headache (may take mild analgesic)

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18
Q

Very important contraindication to Zofran

A

No kids under the age of 4

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19
Q

This psychoactive substance inhibits the effects on RF, thalamus, and cerebral cortex

A

THC (Marinol)

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20
Q

Bulk forming laxatives

A

psyllium (Metamucil)

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21
Q

This type of laxative is high fiber and absorbs water to increase bulk & distend bowel to initiate reflex bowel activity.

A

Bulk-forming laxatives

22
Q

Problem with Metamucil Bulk-forming laxative

A

Takes 1-3 days to work, can cause rebound diarrhea with excessive use. Reduces appetite, so take after meals.

23
Q

The patient should report what about bulk-forming laxatives?

A

trouble swallowing

24
Q

stool softener

A

decussate (Colace)

25
Q

Stool lubricant

A

Mineral oil

26
Q

These promote more water and fat in the stool

A

stool softener

27
Q

Therapeutic effect of stool softeners?

A

1-2 soft stools per day

28
Q

What does mineral oil interfere with

A

The absorption of fat soluble vitamins- A,D,E,K

29
Q

This drug induces the total cleaning of the bowel

A

Stimulant Laxative- polyethylene glycol (GoLYTELY)

30
Q

These laxatives decrease fluid absorption from the intestinal walls

A

Stimulant laxatives

31
Q

Administration of stimulant laxatives

A

oral- stools should appear within 12 hours

rectal- occur less than 60 minutes

32
Q

Long term use of stimulant laxatives decrease bowel muscle tone, individuals do not have to have any daily bowel movements.

A

Laxative Abuse

33
Q

Specific administration directions with bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

A

Give with water because of interactions with milk, antacids, and juices

34
Q

Nursing implications of Laxatives

A
  • Assess fluid and electrolytes before administration
  • Take all laxative tablets with 6-8oz of water
  • all laxative tablets should be swallowed whole, not crushed or chewed
35
Q

These drugs coat the walls of the GI tract and bind to the causative agent or toxin to defecate out

A

Adsorbents (bismuth subsalicylate, activated charcoal, and aluminum hydroxide)

36
Q

Antimotility drugs that dry you up!

A

Cholinergic drugs- Atropine & scopolamine

37
Q

Do not administer anti motility/cholinergic drugs if patient has a history of???

A
  • narrow-angle glaucoma
  • GI obstruction
  • myasthenia gravis
  • paralytic ileus
  • toxic megacolon
38
Q

Antimotility drugs/opiates are what drugs?

A

Immodium

diphenoxylate (Lomotil)

39
Q

These drugs decrease bowel motility and reduce pain from rectal spasms. They allow for more time for adsorption of water and electrolytes.

40
Q

Initial dose of Immodium

A

-4mg to start

then 2mg with each loose stool

41
Q

Why do we stop Immodium?

A

Stop after 48 hours if diarrhea persists

42
Q

Maximum dose of Immodium/day

43
Q

What is added to diphenoxylate (Lomotil) to avoid abuse?

44
Q

A hypertensive crisis can occur with the interaction between which two drugs?

A

Lomotil (Opiate) & MAOI’s (antidepressants)

45
Q

These should be taken with diarrhea from antibiotic therapy

A

Probiotics

46
Q

L. acidophilus (Bacid) (Probiotic) works by?

A

Supplying missing bacteria to the GI tract & suppressing the growth of diarrhea-causing bacteria

47
Q

Contraindications to Antidiarrheals

A

children younger than 2

diarrhea due to poisoning

48
Q

Nursing teaching to a patient taking antidiarrheals

A

suck on hard candy
drink fluids
safety if dizzy or drowsy
call if diarrhea persists more than a couple days

49
Q

Antacids may contain what that is an antiflatulents

A

simethicone- relieves the pain associated with gas

50
Q

Antacids stimulates secretion of

A
  • Mucus- protective barrier
  • bicarbonate- helps buffer/neutralize acid
  • prostaglandins- prevent proton pump activation (acid-maker)
51
Q

Mag sulfate can be dangerous when used with?

A

Renal failure

52
Q

This is recommended for patients with renal disease

A

Aluminum salts

Pathopharmacology 2 (5 decks)

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