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Micro Exam 3 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major symptom of a peptic ulcer?

A

Abdominal Pain

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2
Q

What organism causes peptic ulcer

A

Helicobacter pylori

Gram -

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3
Q

What is the mode of transmission for peptic ulcer

A

Fecal-oral transmission

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4
Q

Key associations of peptic ulcers?

A

Relieved by food id duodenal, exacerbated by food is gastric

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5
Q

What is the major symptom of Cholera

A

Explosive watery diarrhea and vomiting

“RICE WATER STOOL’

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6
Q

What causes bacterial gastroenteritis aka Cholera

A

Vibrio cholerae

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7
Q

Mode of transmission for cholera

A

Fecal oral through food and water

Gram -

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8
Q

Key facts of cholera

A

Most common Vibrio in humans only in freshwater

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9
Q

What are symptoms of Shigellosis

A

Abdominal cramps, fever, diarrhea, purulent bloody stools

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10
Q

What causes bacterial gastroenteritis aka Shigellosis

A

Shigella sonnet, S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae, S. Boyd II

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11
Q

How is Shigellosis spread?

A

Fecal oral by ingesting bacteria on contaminated hands or consuming contaminated cold foods and salads

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12
Q

Key facts of Shigellosis

A

Aka Bacillary dysentery; Shiga toxin; in US, S. sonnei 2/3 and S. Flexneri 1/3

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13
Q

Symptoms of travelers diarrhea

A

Watery diarrhea, cramps, nausea and vomiting

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14
Q

What causes travelers Diarrhea

A

Escherichia Colli O157:H7

Gram -

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15
Q

How does travelers diarrhea spread

A

Fecal oral by eating undercooked beef or unpasteurized milk/fruit juice contaminated with feces

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16
Q

Key facts of travelers diarrhea

A

E. coli most commonly causes GI infection

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17
Q

Symptoms of Campylobacter Diarrhea

A

Bloody and frequent diarrhea (10+/DAY x 7-10 days)

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18
Q

What causes campylobacter diarrhea

A

Campylobacter jejuni

Gram -

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19
Q

Mode of transmission of campylobacter diarrhea

A

Consuming contaminated food, milk, or water.

POULTRY IS THE MOST COMMON

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20
Q

Key facts of campylobacter diarrhea

A

MOST COMMON CAUSE OF BACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS IN THE US

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21
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis is caused by?

A

Clostridium difficile

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22
Q

Symptoms of Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Diarrhea, inflammation of colon with formation of pseudo-membranes

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23
Q

Mode of transmission of Pseudomembranous colitis

A

EXTREMELY COMMON OPPORTUNIST AFTER TAKING ANTIMICROBIALS; COMMON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION

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24
Q

Key facts of Pseudomembranous colitis

A

LIFE THREATENING PERITONITIS due to massive internal infection by fecal bactera

Gram +

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25
Q

What are the symptoms of Salmonellosis

A

Non bloody diarrhea, fever, myalgia, headache, abdominal cramps

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26
Q

What causes Salmonellosis

A

Salmonella enterica enteritidis, S. enterica typphimurium

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27
Q

Mode of transmission of salmonellosis

A

Eating contaminated EGGS, poultry, inadequately pasteurized milk

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28
Q

Key facts of Salmonellosis

A

Aka salmonella food poisoning or Salmonella poisoning

Gram -

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29
Q

Symptoms of Salmonellosis; Typhoid fever aka enteric fever

A

Fever, headache, muscle pains, malaise, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, bacteremia; can lead to PERITONITIS

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30
Q

What causes typhoid fever aka enteric fever

A

Salmonella enterica typhi, S. enterica paratyphi

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31
Q

Mode of transmission of typhoid fever aka enteric fever

A

Contaminated water or food

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32
Q

Key facts of typhoid fever aka enteric fever

A

Famous carrier is typhoid mary

Gram -

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33
Q

Symptoms of Staphylococcal food poisoning

A

N/V, diarrhea, cramping

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34
Q

What causes staphylococcal food poisoning

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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35
Q

Mode of transmission of staphylococcal food poisoning

A

Contaminated food

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36
Q

Key facts of staphylococcal food poisoning

A

Gram. +

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37
Q

Symptoms of Clostridial food poisoning

A

Abdominal cramps, watery diarrhea, NO FEVER, or N/V

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38
Q

What causes Clostridial food poisoning

A

Clostridium perfringens

Gram +

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39
Q

Mode of transmission of Clostridial food poisoning

A

Ingestion of contaminated meat

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40
Q

Key facts of Clostridial food poisoning

A

Fairly benign,

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41
Q

What are the symptoms of Yersinia food poisoning

A

Inflammation of the intestinal tract: diarrhea, fever (weeks or months) sometimes mimics appendicitis

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42
Q

What causes Yersinia food poisoning

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

Gram -

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43
Q

Mode of transmission of Yersinia food poisoning

A

Consumption of contaminated PORK, milk, water, tofu

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44
Q

Key facts of Yersinia

A

Likes to infect kids

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45
Q

Symptoms of Bacillus cereus food poisoning

A

Mild food poisoning illness

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46
Q

What is bacillus cereus caused by

A

Bacillus cereus

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47
Q

Mode of transmission of bacillus cereus

A

Rice dished cooked and held at warm temperature for hours ex. (Mexican and chinese buffets)

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48
Q

Key facts of bacillus cereus

A

Aka FRIED RICE SYNDROME
Only a few cases a year

Gram +

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49
Q

Oral herpes symptoms

A

Cold sores

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50
Q

What causes oral herpes

A

Human Herpes Virus (HHV-1) (sometimes HHV-2)

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51
Q

Mode of transmission of oral herpes

A

Close contact with active lesions

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52
Q

Key facts of oral herpes

A

Latent virus usually in trigeminal ganglia

DNA not Gram +/-

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53
Q

Symptoms of mumps

A

Painful enlargement of parotid salivary glands (PAROTITIS)

Testicular swelling in boys (ORCHITIS)

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54
Q

What causes mumps

A

Mumps virus (Rubulavirus)

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55
Q

Mode of transmission of mumps

A

Respiratory secretions

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56
Q

Key facts of mumps

A

Vaccine has ALMOST eradicated mumps in the industrialized world

RNA virus

57
Q

Symptoms of Viral gastroenteritis

A

N/V diarrhea, abdominal pain, cramps

58
Q

What causes viral gastroenteritis

A

Norovirus (Calicivirus)

Astrovirus

Rotavirus

59
Q

What’s unique about Norovirus (calcivirus) that causes viral gastroenteritis

A

Causes 90% of viral gastroenteritis, Norovirus is the #1 cause of foodborne illness in the US. Emerging disease

60
Q

Astrovirus is unique in causing viral gastroenteritis because……

A

NO vomiting

61
Q

Rotavirus causes gastroenteritis and is unique because

A

Most common cause of infantile gastroenteritis

62
Q

Viral Gastroenteritis caused by Norovirus and mode of transmission is special because……

A

Oysters

63
Q

Symptoms of Hepatitis A are…….

A

JAUNDICE, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, appetite loss

64
Q

Hepatitis A is caused by what

A

Hepatitis A virus (HAV)

65
Q

What is the mode of transmission of Hepatitis A

A

Transmitted though the fecal-oral route

66
Q

Key facts of Hepatitis A

A

aka INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS, survives on various surfaces and is RESISTANT TO COMMON HOUSEHOLD DISINFECTANTS

67
Q

Hepatitis B symptoms

A

Most asymptomatic or have mild symptoms; JAUNDICE, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, appetite loss; can cause severe liver damage; ASSOCIATED WITH LIVER CANCER

68
Q

What causes Hepatitis B

A

Hepatitis B virus

69
Q

Mode of transmission of Hepatits B

A

Infected needles, sexual intercourse, and passage to babies during childbirth

70
Q

Key facts of Hepatits B

A

COINFECTION WITH HEPATITIS D VIRUS INCREASES RISK OF PERMANENT LIVER DAMAGE

DNA VIRUS

71
Q

symptoms of viral gastroenteritis

A

N/V diarrhea, abdominal pain, cramps

72
Q

causes of gastroenteritis

A

Norovirus ( Calicivirus)
Astrovirus
Rotavirus

These all are RNA viruses

73
Q

What special food and virus causes gastroenteritis

A

Norovirus food like oysters

74
Q

What causes 90% of viral gastroentertis

A

Norovirus, #1 cause of foodborne illness in the US; emerging disease

75
Q

Which virus that causes gastroenteritis has no vomiting occur

A

Astrovirus

76
Q

What causes the most common cause of gastroenteritis

A

Rotavirus

77
Q

symptoms of Hepatits A

A

JAUNDICE, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, appetite loss

78
Q

What causes Hepatitis A

A

HEPATITIS A virus (HAV) RNA virus

79
Q

mode of transmission of Hepatitis A

A

fecal-oral route

80
Q

Key facts of Hepatits A

A

aka infectious Hepatitis, survives on various surfaces and is RESISTANT TO COMMON HOUSEHOLD DISINFECTANTS

81
Q

Symptoms of Hepatitis B

A

JAUNDICE, most asymptomatic mild symptoms. ASSOCIATED WITH LIVER CANCER

82
Q

cause of Hepatitis B

A

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA virus

83
Q

mode of transmission of Hepatitis B

A

infected needles, sexual intercourse, and passage to babies during childbirth

84
Q

Key facts of Hepatitis B

A

COINFECTION WITH HEPATITIS D VIRUS INCREASES RISK OF PERMANENT LIVER DAMAGE

85
Q

symptoms of Hepatatis C

A

chronic infection with few if any symptoms

86
Q

what causes hep C

A

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA virus

87
Q

transmission of Hep C

A

needles (includes piercings and tattoos), organ transplants, blood transfussions, and sexual activity

88
Q

Key facts of Hep C

A

accounts for MOST NON A, NON B HEPATITIS IN THE US

89
Q

symptoms of Hepatitis D

A

JAUNDICE, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, appetite loss; PLAYS A ROLE IN TRIGGERING LIVER CANCER

90
Q

causes of Hep D

A

Hepatitis D Virus RNA virus

91
Q

transmission of Hep D

A

bodily fluids, sexual activity and contaminated needles

92
Q

key facts of Hep D

A

needs HBV coinfection, so called SATELLITE VIRUS

93
Q

symptoms of Hep E

A

jaundice, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, FATAL IN 20% OF PREGNANT WOMEN

94
Q

causes Hep E

A

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Rna virus

95
Q

transmission of Hep E

A

fecal oral route, found in seafood, pigs, cows and unclean water

96
Q

key facts of Hep E

A

aka ENTERIC HEPATITS

97
Q

symptoms of Giardiasis

A

severe watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, ineffective absorption of nutrients, low grade fever, ‘ROTTEN EGG’ SMELLING STOOLS

98
Q

causes Giardiasis

A

Giardia intestinalis (previously known as G. Lamblia) it is a protozoa

99
Q

transmission of Giardiasis

A

ingesting cysts in contaminated water or when swimming

100
Q

fact about Giardiasis

A

BEAVER FEVER; COMMON WATERBORNE GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE IN THE US

101
Q

symptoms of Cryptosporidiosis

A

severe diarrhea, headache, muscular pain, cramping, sever fluid and weight loss

102
Q

causes Cryptosporidiosis

A

Cryptosporidium parvum its a protozoa

103
Q

transmission of Cryptosporidiosis

A

drinking contaminated water; fecal oral transmission route

104
Q

key facts of Cryptosporidiosis

A

aka CRYPTOSPORIDIUM ENTERITIS

105
Q

symptoms of Amebiasis

A

LUMINAL AMEBIASIS is asymptomatic,

INVASIVE AMEBIC DYSENTERY causes severe diarrhea, colitis, appendicitis

INVASIVE EXTRAINTESTINAL AMEBIASIS causes necrotic lesions in various organs

106
Q

causes of amebiasis

A

Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoa

107
Q

transmission of amebiasis

A

consumption of contaminated food or water, from contaminated hands or oral-anal intercourse

108
Q

key facts of amebiasis

A

90% OF CASES ARE LUMINAL AMEBIASIS

109
Q

symptoms of cyclosporiasis

A

cramps, watery diarrhea, myalgia, and fever, AIDS patients more sever

110
Q

causes of cyclosporiasis

A

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a protozoa

111
Q

transmission of cyclosporiasis

A

ingestion of oocysts in contaminated food or water, outbreaks have been linked to RASBERRIES

112
Q

what causes tapeworm infestations and most are asymptomatic and weight loss

A

Taenia saginata and Taenia solium

contaminated beef/pork

113
Q

what causes tapeworm infestations and 80% of cases are asymptomatic, weight loss, and megaloblastic anemia

A

Diphyllobothrium lactum

undercooked fish

114
Q

what causes tapeworm infestations and symptoms are HYDATID cysts can occur in any organ but occur PRIMARILY IN THE LIVER

A

echinococcus granulosus

contaminated dog feces

115
Q

what organism causes tapeworm infestations

A

Helminth (cestode)

116
Q

what is beef tapeworm called

A

PROGLOTTIDS

117
Q

What is pork tapeworm called

A

PROGLOTTIDS

118
Q

what is fish tapeworm called

A

DIPHYLLOBOTHRIASIS

119
Q

what is dog tapeworm called

A

canine tapeworm

120
Q

symtpoms of Ascariasis

A

MOST ASYMTOMPATIC

121
Q

causes of Ascariasis

A

Ascaris lumbricoides a Helminth (nematode)

122
Q

transmission of Ascariasis

A

eggs are ingested in water or on vegatables

123
Q

key facts of Ascariasis

A

MOST COMMON NEMATODE INFECTION OF HUMANS WORLDWIDE

124
Q

symptoms of hookworm infections

A

GROUND ITCH at site of larvae penetrations; causes chronic ANEMIA, IRON AND PROTEIN DEFICIENCES

125
Q

causes hookworm

A

necator americanus

Ancylostoma duodenale

Both are nematodes

126
Q

transmission of hookworm

A

larvae penetrate the skin, usually of the foot

127
Q

key fact of hookworm

A

2ND MOST COMMON NEMATODE AFFFECTING HUMANS WORLDWIDE

128
Q

symptoms of pinworm infestations

A

INTENSE PERIANAL ITCHING (ESP AT NIGHT), irritabiliity, decreased appetite, 1/3 cases are asymptomatic

129
Q

causes pinworm

A

Enterobius vermicularis is a nematode

130
Q

transmission of pinworm

A

females deposit eggs in the perianal region AT NIGHT, EASILY SPREAD ON BEDDING, FROM PERSON TO PERSON AFTER SCRATCHING

131
Q

key facts of pinworm

A

MOST COMMON PARASITIC WORM IN THE US; common in children

132
Q

Dracunculiasis symptoms

A

after about a year of infection, the WORM FORMS A BLISTER on the skin, GENERALLY ON THE FOOT, which breaks open

133
Q

causes Dracunculiasis

A

Dracunculus medinensis is a nemotode

134
Q

transmission of Dracunculiasis

A

ingesting water contaminated with copepods

135
Q

key facts of Dracunculiasis

A

aka GUINEA WORM DISEASE, traditional treatment technique involves WINDING THE WORM OUT ON A STICK

136
Q

symptoms of Trichinosis

A

mild cases ASYMPTOMATIC, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, MUSCLE PAIN AND WEAKNESS, facial swelling around the eye

137
Q

causes Trichinosis

A

Trichinella spiralis is a nematode

138
Q

transmission of Trichinosis

A

ingresting undercooked pork containing cysts

139
Q

key facts of Trichinosis

A

aka TRICHINELLOSIS; NOT COMMON IN US

Micro Exam 3 (3 decks)

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