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Micro Exam 3 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major symptom of a peptic ulcer?

A

Abdominal Pain

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2
Q

What organism causes peptic ulcer

A

Helicobacter pylori

Gram -

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3
Q

What is the mode of transmission for peptic ulcer

A

Fecal-oral transmission

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4
Q

Key associations of peptic ulcers?

A

Relieved by food id duodenal, exacerbated by food is gastric

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5
Q

What is the major symptom of Cholera

A

Explosive watery diarrhea and vomiting

“RICE WATER STOOL’

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6
Q

What causes bacterial gastroenteritis aka Cholera

A

Vibrio cholerae

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7
Q

Mode of transmission for cholera

A

Fecal oral through food and water

Gram -

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8
Q

Key facts of cholera

A

Most common Vibrio in humans only in freshwater

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9
Q

What are symptoms of Shigellosis

A

Abdominal cramps, fever, diarrhea, purulent bloody stools

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10
Q

What causes bacterial gastroenteritis aka Shigellosis

A

Shigella sonnet, S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae, S. Boyd II

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11
Q

How is Shigellosis spread?

A

Fecal oral by ingesting bacteria on contaminated hands or consuming contaminated cold foods and salads

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12
Q

Key facts of Shigellosis

A

Aka Bacillary dysentery; Shiga toxin; in US, S. sonnei 2/3 and S. Flexneri 1/3

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13
Q

Symptoms of travelers diarrhea

A

Watery diarrhea, cramps, nausea and vomiting

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14
Q

What causes travelers Diarrhea

A

Escherichia Colli O157:H7

Gram -

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15
Q

How does travelers diarrhea spread

A

Fecal oral by eating undercooked beef or unpasteurized milk/fruit juice contaminated with feces

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16
Q

Key facts of travelers diarrhea

A

E. coli most commonly causes GI infection

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17
Q

Symptoms of Campylobacter Diarrhea

A

Bloody and frequent diarrhea (10+/DAY x 7-10 days)

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18
Q

What causes campylobacter diarrhea

A

Campylobacter jejuni

Gram -

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19
Q

Mode of transmission of campylobacter diarrhea

A

Consuming contaminated food, milk, or water.

POULTRY IS THE MOST COMMON

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20
Q

Key facts of campylobacter diarrhea

A

MOST COMMON CAUSE OF BACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS IN THE US

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21
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis is caused by?

A

Clostridium difficile

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22
Q

Symptoms of Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Diarrhea, inflammation of colon with formation of pseudo-membranes

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23
Q

Mode of transmission of Pseudomembranous colitis

A

EXTREMELY COMMON OPPORTUNIST AFTER TAKING ANTIMICROBIALS; COMMON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION

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24
Q

Key facts of Pseudomembranous colitis

A

LIFE THREATENING PERITONITIS due to massive internal infection by fecal bactera

Gram +

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25
What are the symptoms of Salmonellosis
Non bloody diarrhea, fever, myalgia, headache, abdominal cramps
26
What causes Salmonellosis
Salmonella enterica enteritidis, S. enterica typphimurium
27
Mode of transmission of salmonellosis
Eating contaminated EGGS, poultry, inadequately pasteurized milk
28
Key facts of Salmonellosis
Aka salmonella food poisoning or Salmonella poisoning Gram -
29
Symptoms of Salmonellosis; Typhoid fever aka enteric fever
Fever, headache, muscle pains, malaise, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, bacteremia; can lead to PERITONITIS
30
What causes typhoid fever aka enteric fever
Salmonella enterica typhi, S. enterica paratyphi
31
Mode of transmission of typhoid fever aka enteric fever
Contaminated water or food
32
Key facts of typhoid fever aka enteric fever
Famous carrier is typhoid mary Gram -
33
Symptoms of Staphylococcal food poisoning
N/V, diarrhea, cramping
34
What causes staphylococcal food poisoning
Staphylococcus aureus
35
Mode of transmission of staphylococcal food poisoning
Contaminated food
36
Key facts of staphylococcal food poisoning
Gram. +
37
Symptoms of Clostridial food poisoning
Abdominal cramps, watery diarrhea, NO FEVER, or N/V
38
What causes Clostridial food poisoning
Clostridium perfringens Gram +
39
Mode of transmission of Clostridial food poisoning
Ingestion of contaminated meat
40
Key facts of Clostridial food poisoning
Fairly benign,
41
What are the symptoms of Yersinia food poisoning
Inflammation of the intestinal tract: diarrhea, fever (weeks or months) sometimes mimics appendicitis
42
What causes Yersinia food poisoning
Yersinia enterocolitica Gram -
43
Mode of transmission of Yersinia food poisoning
Consumption of contaminated PORK, milk, water, tofu
44
Key facts of Yersinia
Likes to infect kids
45
Symptoms of Bacillus cereus food poisoning
Mild food poisoning illness
46
What is bacillus cereus caused by
Bacillus cereus
47
Mode of transmission of bacillus cereus
Rice dished cooked and held at warm temperature for hours ex. (Mexican and chinese buffets)
48
Key facts of bacillus cereus
Aka FRIED RICE SYNDROME Only a few cases a year Gram +
49
Oral herpes symptoms
Cold sores
50
What causes oral herpes
Human Herpes Virus (HHV-1) (sometimes HHV-2)
51
Mode of transmission of oral herpes
Close contact with active lesions
52
Key facts of oral herpes
Latent virus usually in trigeminal ganglia DNA not Gram +/-
53
Symptoms of mumps
Painful enlargement of parotid salivary glands (PAROTITIS) Testicular swelling in boys (ORCHITIS)
54
What causes mumps
Mumps virus (Rubulavirus)
55
Mode of transmission of mumps
Respiratory secretions
56
Key facts of mumps
Vaccine has ALMOST eradicated mumps in the industrialized world RNA virus
57
Symptoms of Viral gastroenteritis
N/V diarrhea, abdominal pain, cramps
58
What causes viral gastroenteritis
Norovirus (Calicivirus) Astrovirus Rotavirus
59
What's unique about Norovirus (calcivirus) that causes viral gastroenteritis
Causes 90% of viral gastroenteritis, Norovirus is the #1 cause of foodborne illness in the US. Emerging disease
60
Astrovirus is unique in causing viral gastroenteritis because......
NO vomiting
61
Rotavirus causes gastroenteritis and is unique because
Most common cause of infantile gastroenteritis
62
Viral Gastroenteritis caused by Norovirus and mode of transmission is special because......
Oysters
63
Symptoms of Hepatitis A are.......
JAUNDICE, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, appetite loss
64
Hepatitis A is caused by what
Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
65
What is the mode of transmission of Hepatitis A
Transmitted though the fecal-oral route
66
Key facts of Hepatitis A
aka INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS, survives on various surfaces and is RESISTANT TO COMMON HOUSEHOLD DISINFECTANTS
67
Hepatitis B symptoms
Most asymptomatic or have mild symptoms; JAUNDICE, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, appetite loss; can cause severe liver damage; ASSOCIATED WITH LIVER CANCER
68
What causes Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B virus
69
Mode of transmission of Hepatits B
Infected needles, sexual intercourse, and passage to babies during childbirth
70
Key facts of Hepatits B
COINFECTION WITH HEPATITIS D VIRUS INCREASES RISK OF PERMANENT LIVER DAMAGE DNA VIRUS
71
symptoms of viral gastroenteritis
N/V diarrhea, abdominal pain, cramps
72
causes of gastroenteritis
Norovirus ( Calicivirus) Astrovirus Rotavirus These all are RNA viruses
73
What special food and virus causes gastroenteritis
Norovirus food like oysters
74
What causes 90% of viral gastroentertis
Norovirus, #1 cause of foodborne illness in the US; emerging disease
75
Which virus that causes gastroenteritis has no vomiting occur
Astrovirus
76
What causes the most common cause of gastroenteritis
Rotavirus
77
symptoms of Hepatits A
JAUNDICE, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, appetite loss
78
What causes Hepatitis A
HEPATITIS A virus (HAV) RNA virus
79
mode of transmission of Hepatitis A
fecal-oral route
80
Key facts of Hepatits A
aka infectious Hepatitis, survives on various surfaces and is RESISTANT TO COMMON HOUSEHOLD DISINFECTANTS
81
Symptoms of Hepatitis B
JAUNDICE, most asymptomatic mild symptoms. ASSOCIATED WITH LIVER CANCER
82
cause of Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA virus
83
mode of transmission of Hepatitis B
infected needles, sexual intercourse, and passage to babies during childbirth
84
Key facts of Hepatitis B
COINFECTION WITH HEPATITIS D VIRUS INCREASES RISK OF PERMANENT LIVER DAMAGE
85
symptoms of Hepatatis C
chronic infection with few if any symptoms
86
what causes hep C
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA virus
87
transmission of Hep C
needles (includes piercings and tattoos), organ transplants, blood transfussions, and sexual activity
88
Key facts of Hep C
accounts for MOST NON A, NON B HEPATITIS IN THE US
89
symptoms of Hepatitis D
JAUNDICE, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, appetite loss; PLAYS A ROLE IN TRIGGERING LIVER CANCER
90
causes of Hep D
Hepatitis D Virus RNA virus
91
transmission of Hep D
bodily fluids, sexual activity and contaminated needles
92
key facts of Hep D
needs HBV coinfection, so called SATELLITE VIRUS
93
symptoms of Hep E
jaundice, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, FATAL IN 20% OF PREGNANT WOMEN
94
causes Hep E
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Rna virus
95
transmission of Hep E
fecal oral route, found in seafood, pigs, cows and unclean water
96
key facts of Hep E
aka ENTERIC HEPATITS
97
symptoms of Giardiasis
severe watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, ineffective absorption of nutrients, low grade fever, 'ROTTEN EGG' SMELLING STOOLS
98
causes Giardiasis
Giardia intestinalis (previously known as G. Lamblia) it is a protozoa
99
transmission of Giardiasis
ingesting cysts in contaminated water or when swimming
100
fact about Giardiasis
BEAVER FEVER; COMMON WATERBORNE GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE IN THE US
101
symptoms of Cryptosporidiosis
severe diarrhea, headache, muscular pain, cramping, sever fluid and weight loss
102
causes Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidium parvum its a protozoa
103
transmission of Cryptosporidiosis
drinking contaminated water; fecal oral transmission route
104
key facts of Cryptosporidiosis
aka CRYPTOSPORIDIUM ENTERITIS
105
symptoms of Amebiasis
LUMINAL AMEBIASIS is asymptomatic, INVASIVE AMEBIC DYSENTERY causes severe diarrhea, colitis, appendicitis INVASIVE EXTRAINTESTINAL AMEBIASIS causes necrotic lesions in various organs
106
causes of amebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoa
107
transmission of amebiasis
consumption of contaminated food or water, from contaminated hands or oral-anal intercourse
108
key facts of amebiasis
90% OF CASES ARE LUMINAL AMEBIASIS
109
symptoms of cyclosporiasis
cramps, watery diarrhea, myalgia, and fever, AIDS patients more sever
110
causes of cyclosporiasis
Cyclospora cayetanensis is a protozoa
111
transmission of cyclosporiasis
ingestion of oocysts in contaminated food or water, outbreaks have been linked to RASBERRIES
112
what causes tapeworm infestations and most are asymptomatic and weight loss
Taenia saginata and Taenia solium | contaminated beef/pork
113
what causes tapeworm infestations and 80% of cases are asymptomatic, weight loss, and megaloblastic anemia
Diphyllobothrium lactum | undercooked fish
114
what causes tapeworm infestations and symptoms are HYDATID cysts can occur in any organ but occur PRIMARILY IN THE LIVER
echinococcus granulosus | contaminated dog feces
115
what organism causes tapeworm infestations
Helminth (cestode)
116
what is beef tapeworm called
PROGLOTTIDS
117
What is pork tapeworm called
PROGLOTTIDS
118
what is fish tapeworm called
DIPHYLLOBOTHRIASIS
119
what is dog tapeworm called
canine tapeworm
120
symtpoms of Ascariasis
MOST ASYMTOMPATIC
121
causes of Ascariasis
Ascaris lumbricoides a Helminth (nematode)
122
transmission of Ascariasis
eggs are ingested in water or on vegatables
123
key facts of Ascariasis
MOST COMMON NEMATODE INFECTION OF HUMANS WORLDWIDE
124
symptoms of hookworm infections
GROUND ITCH at site of larvae penetrations; causes chronic ANEMIA, IRON AND PROTEIN DEFICIENCES
125
causes hookworm
necator americanus Ancylostoma duodenale Both are nematodes
126
transmission of hookworm
larvae penetrate the skin, usually of the foot
127
key fact of hookworm
2ND MOST COMMON NEMATODE AFFFECTING HUMANS WORLDWIDE
128
symptoms of pinworm infestations
INTENSE PERIANAL ITCHING (ESP AT NIGHT), irritabiliity, decreased appetite, 1/3 cases are asymptomatic
129
causes pinworm
Enterobius vermicularis is a nematode
130
transmission of pinworm
females deposit eggs in the perianal region AT NIGHT, EASILY SPREAD ON BEDDING, FROM PERSON TO PERSON AFTER SCRATCHING
131
key facts of pinworm
MOST COMMON PARASITIC WORM IN THE US; common in children
132
Dracunculiasis symptoms
after about a year of infection, the WORM FORMS A BLISTER on the skin, GENERALLY ON THE FOOT, which breaks open
133
causes Dracunculiasis
Dracunculus medinensis is a nemotode
134
transmission of Dracunculiasis
ingesting water contaminated with copepods
135
key facts of Dracunculiasis
aka GUINEA WORM DISEASE, traditional treatment technique involves WINDING THE WORM OUT ON A STICK
136
symptoms of Trichinosis
mild cases ASYMPTOMATIC, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, MUSCLE PAIN AND WEAKNESS, facial swelling around the eye
137
causes Trichinosis
Trichinella spiralis is a nematode
138
transmission of Trichinosis
ingresting undercooked pork containing cysts
139
key facts of Trichinosis
aka TRICHINELLOSIS; NOT COMMON IN US

Micro Exam 3 (3 decks)

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