Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Julia's Biology Final > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why do we need nutrients?

A

Energy, growth, repair, and maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is the amount of energy in food found?

A

Burning a sample of the food and measuring the amount of heat it gives off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a calorimeter?

A

An instrument used to measure the energy content of a food sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a calorie?

A

A unit used in measuring the energy content of food.
Defined as the amount of heat needed to raise one gram of water one degree Celsius
A kilocalorie is 1000 calories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do plants get food?

A

They’re autotrophs - they make their own food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the photosynthesis reaction?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –>light–> C6H12O6 + 6O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is chlorophyll? How does it relate to the green color of plants?

A

The main pigment in plants, located inside the chloroplast
A pigment absorbs light in a specific wavelength and reflects the rest. Chlorophyll absorbs light well in the blue and red regions, but not in the green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are chloroplasts? Where are they located?

A

It’s the organelle in plants contained in the leaves and green stems of plants where photosynthesis happens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are thylakoids?

A

Saclike membranes arranged in stacks called GRANA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the stroma?

A

The watery area outside the thylakoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the light dependent reaction happen? What is its purpose? What is its waste product?

A

It happens in the thylakoid
Its purpose is to capture energy from light and form molecules (NADPH and ATP)to hold the energy.
Because the electrons are used from water, the oxygen leaves as a waste product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the purpose of the light independent reactions? Where do they happen? What does it produce?

A

ATP and NADPH aren’t stable energy storers, so they make glucose in the stroma with carbon dioxide and other things already there
Glucose can be used as energy or stored as starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the digestive system?

A

a group of organs that take in food and change it to a form the body can use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is PHYSICAL CHANGE in the digestive tract?

A

when large pieces of food are broken down into smaller pieces
only changes size and shape of particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is CHEMICAL CHANGE in the digestive tract?

A

Food turns into a form that the cell can use by breaking bonds. This process is sped up by enzymes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT?

A

A hollow tube with an opening at each end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What kind of digestion goes on in the mouth?

A
  1. Mechanical - teeth

2. Chemical - salivary glands secrete SALIVARY AMYLASE, which begins digestion of carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the tongue?

A

Mixes the chewed food with saliva and moves it to the back of the mouth (PHARYNX) to be swallowed.

19
Q

What is the EPIGLOTTIS?

A

Flap of cartilage that covers the trachea to prevent food from entering the lungs

20
Q

What is the ESOPHAGUS?

A

Muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. No digestion here.

21
Q

What is PERISTALSIS?

A

Slow, rhythmic muscular contractions of the esophagus that helps move the food to the stomach

22
Q

What is the CARDIAC SPHINCTER?

A

Ring of muscle found in between the esophagus and the stomach that helps control passage of food to the stomach

23
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

Physically mixes the food by contracting

Chemically digests food with gastric juice

24
Q

What are the two types of glands in the stomach?

A
  1. Pyloric Glands

2. Gastric Glands

25
Q

What do the Pyloric Glands do?

A

secrete mucus which covers the stomach lining to protect it

26
Q

What do the Gastric Glands do?

A

Release gastric juice

27
Q

What is in gastric juice?

A
  1. Hydrochloric Acid - maintains proper pH for actin

2. Pepsin - beings digestion of proteins by breaking them down into polypeptide chains

28
Q

What is the flow of gastric juice into the stomach stimulated by?

A
  1. Thought, sight, smell, or taste of food
  2. Food touching the stomach lining
  3. The stretching of the stomach wall by a large food mass
29
Q

What is chyme? Where does it come from, and where does it go to?

A

It’s the partially digested food that moves from the stomach into the small intestine

30
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

A muscular ring that controls the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine

31
Q

What are the three accessory organs that connect to the small intestine?

A
  1. Liver
  2. Gallbladder
  3. Pancreas
32
Q

What does the liver make that aids digestion?

A

Bile

33
Q

Is bile an enzyme? What does it do?

A

Bile is NOT an enzyme

It helps emulsify fats mechanically, increasing the surface area so enzymes can chemically digest them

34
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A

Stores bile until it is ready to be released into the small intestine

35
Q

Which enzymes does the pancreas make? What do they do?

A

Protease –> Proteins
Lipase –> Lipids
Amylase –> Starches

36
Q

Which enzymes does the small intestine make? What do they do?

A

Peptidase: Polypeptides –> Amino Acids
Maltase: Disaccharides –> Monosaccharides

37
Q

Where are villi and microvilli? What do they do?

A

They’re in the small intestine.
They’re vessels that absorb nutrients. Microvilli further increase surface area. They have capillaries in them to absorb sugars and amino acids, and lacteals to absorb fatty acids

38
Q

What happens in the large intestine?

A

Water is reabsorbed from the undigested food
Bacteria that live there make certain compounds you need, like Vitamin K
Remaining waste exits via the rectum to the anus as feces

39
Q

Where is the appendix? What does it do?

A

It’s a small, fingerlike part found where the small and large intestine meet. It does not take part in digestion.

40
Q

What is an ulcer?

What organ is it a disorder of? How can it be treated?

A

Disorder of the stomach
Open sore on the wall of the stomach
Acid in gastric juice irritates the sore and causes pain
Treatment: antacids

41
Q

What is constipation?

What organ is it a disorder of? What is it caused by?

A

Disorder of the large intestine
Excessive removal of water from undigested material in the large intestine, making the feces abnormally hard. Can be a result of insufficient roughage in the diet

42
Q

What is diarrhea?

What organ is it a disorder of? What is it caused by?

A

Disorder of the large intestine
Insufficient removal of water from undigested material in the large intestine, making the feces watery.
Can be caused by a virus, and if continues can result in dehydration

43
Q

What is appendicitis?

What organ is it a disorder of?

A

Disorder of the appendix.

The appendix gets infected and inflamed. If infection cannot be controlled, surgery is needed to remove it.

44
Q

What are gallstones?

What organ is it a disorder of? How can it be treated?

A

Disorder of the gall bladder
Small, hard particles made of cholesterol form and collect in the gall bladder. These can block the bile duct and result in pain and discomfort.
Condition can be treated by removal of the gall bladder

Julia's Biology Final (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions