Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is TRANSPORT?

A

The process by which substances move into or out of cells or are distributed within cells

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2
Q

Do simple organisms need a special system for transport? How do materials get around?

A

No - they just diffuse within and between cells

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3
Q

What does the circulatory system do?

A

It transports materials to and from all parts of the organism

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4
Q

What are the three parts of the circulatory system?

A
  1. A fluid in which materials are transported - blood
  2. A network of tubes or body spaces through which the fluid flows - veins and arteries
  3. A pump - the heart
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5
Q

What does blood do?

A

Picks up and delivers needed materials, like oxygen, nutrients, and water to your cells.
Picks up waste products from the cells, like urea and carbon dioxide

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6
Q

What do veins do? What kind of blood do they carry?

A

Carry blood to the heart
Contain one-way valves that keep the blood flowing through the heart
Many are located near skeletal muscles, so when the muscle contracts, blood is forced through

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7
Q

What do arteries do? What kind of blood do they carry?

A

Carry blood away from the heart
A FOR AWAY
All of them carry oxygen rich blood except for pulmonary artery
Have thick walls that withstand the powerful pressure produced when the heart contracts and pushes blood into the arteries

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8
Q

What do capillaries do?

A

Connect veins and arteries
Smallest blood vessel
Walls are only 1 cell thick, so blood must pass through single file and nutrients and waste diffuse in and out easily

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9
Q

Where is the heart? What does it do?

A

It’s a muscle that pumps blood throughout the body

It’s located near the center of the chest and is a hollow organ around the size of a clenched fist

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10
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

A protective sac of tissue that encloses the heart

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11
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

Thick layer of muscle in the heart that provides powerful contractions to pump blood throughout the circulatory system

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12
Q

How many times per minute does the heart contract?

A

72, pumping about 70mL of blood with each contraction

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13
Q

What is the septum of the heart?

A

A wall that divides the heart

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14
Q

What is the upper side of the heart called? What does it do?

A

Atrium; it receives the blood

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15
Q

What is the lower side of the heart called? What does it do? How does its muscles compare to the upper side of the heart?

A

Ventricle - pumps blood out of the heart

The walls of the ventricle are thicker and more powerful than those of the atria

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16
Q

What do atrioventricular (A-V) valves do?

A

Allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles

17
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve? How many flaps does it have?

A

Located on the right of the heart, contains three flaps

18
Q

Where is the bicuspid valve? How many flaps does it have?

A

Located on the left and has two flaps

19
Q

Where are the semilunar valves? What do they do?

A

Located between the ventricles and the arteries that lead away from them.
This prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricles

20
Q

What happens in the right side of the heart?

A

PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Blood from all over the body comes into the right side and is pumped out towards the lungs. There, it can drop off carbon dioxide and pickup oxygen

21
Q

What happens in the left side of the heart?

A

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
After oxygen is picked up from the lungs, the oxygenated blood flows into the left side and is pumped to the rest of the body

22
Q

What is the AORTA? Where is it?

A

Largest artery

Leads from the left ventricle to the rest of the body

23
Q

Where does the first sound (“lub”) of the heartbeat come from?

A

The bicuspid and tricuspid valves closing when ventricles squeeze

24
Q

Where does the second sound (“dub”) of the heartbeat come from?

A

When the semilunar valves close, when your ventricles stop squeezing

25
Q

What does the sinoatrial node do? Where is it?

A

It’s called the pacemaker of the heart
It starts contracting, and then the impulse spreads to the whole atria, contracting it and pumping blood into the ventricles

26
Q

What is blood pressure measuring?

A

The heart contracts and a strong force from the blood pushes against the muscular walls of the arteries
There is still blood pressure when the ventricles are relaxed, but it’s not as strong

27
Q

What does a sphygmomanometer measure?

A

A device that measures blood pressure
Cuff is wrapped around the upper arm and air is pumped in until the blood flow through to the artery is cut off. Then the pressure is released, and you listen to the pulse for noises.

28
Q

What is average adult blood pressure?

A

120/80

29
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

Force felt in arteries when the arteries contract

When the noises start when measuring blood pressure

30
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

Force of blood in arteries when the ventricles relax

When the noises stop when measuring blood pressure