Digestive System

Question 1

Chemical Digestion

Answer 1

Process by which enzymes break down food into small molecules that the body can use

Question 2

Absorption

Answer 2

Once food has been broken into small molecules, it can be absorbed by cells in the small intestine

Question 3

Saliva

Answer 3

Secreted by the salivary gland’s to help moisten the food and make it easier to chew. Saliva contains the enzyme amylase that begins to break chemical bonds in starches and sugars.

Question 4

Esophagus

Answer 4

Tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

Question 5

Peristalsis

Answer 5

Wavelike contractions of smooth muscles that push chewed food through the esophagus

Question 6

Stomach

Answer 6

Large muscular sac that continues the chemical and mechanical digestion of food

Question 7

Small Intestine

Answer 7

Digestive organ in which most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place

Question 8

Villi

Answer 8

Absorbs and carries away nutrients in the small intestine

Question 9

Microvilli

Answer 9

Move food along the surface of the SI and absorb nutrients so that when the food leaves the small intestine, the food is basically nutrient-free

Question 10

Large Intestine

Answer 10

Organ in the digestive system that eliminates food by sending it to the anus, and absorbs water from the undigested material that passes through it

Question 11

Liver

Answer 11

Organ in the digestive system that produces bile, which is a fluid loaded with lipids and salts that help separate fat so enzymes can break it down

Question 12

Gall Bladder

Answer 12

Bile is stored in the gallbladder, another organ in the digestive system, when fat is present in the duodenum (beginning of small intestine), gallbladder releases bile through a duct into small intestine to separate the fat for the enzymes

Question 13

Pancreas

Answer 13

Digestive gland that produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid. The pancreas also produces sodium bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes stomach acids, because pancreas enzymes would be destroyed by the acidity levels in the stomach, and wouldn’t be able to help digest food

Question 14

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 14

One of the two processes by which food is reduced to molecules that can be absorbed. The physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces