Cellular Respiration & Fermentation Flashcards
Calorie
Used on food labels as a kilocalorie, or 1000 cal
Cellular Respiration
The process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen
Aerobic
Process that requires oxygen
Anaerobic
Process that does not require oxygen
Mitochondria
The power plants of the cell. They convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. Where the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain happen
Cytoplasm
Where glycolysis happens. In eukaryotic cells, cellular contents outside the nucleus. In prokaryote cells, all of the cells contents
Glycolysis
First set of reactions in cellular respiration in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid. This happens in the cytoplasm
NAD+
Electron carrier involved in glycolysis
NADH+
High-energy electron carrier, becomes this after the Krebs Cycle
Pyruvic Acid
A three carbon compound produced by glycolysis, from the six carbon glucose. This is used in the Krebs Cycle
Krebs Cycle
Second cycle of cellular respiration, happens in the matrix, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions
FAD-
Electron carrier involved in the Krebs cycle
FADH2
High-energy electron carrier, becomes this after the Krebs cycle. Energy released by the breaking and rearranging of carbon bonds is captured in this form, and in the form of NADH+.
Also high-energy electron carriers like this one are used to generate huge amounts of ATP.
Electron Transport Chain
Series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions. Convert ADP to ATP using the high-energy electron carriers from the Krebs cycle and glycolysis.
Inner mitochondrial membrane
The second membrane layer of the mitochondria, covers/surrounds the matrix
