Digestive System Flashcards
Digestion is-?
Breaking down of food.
What all is in the digestive system?
1) mouth
2) esophagus
3) stomach
4) small intestines
5) large intestines
6) rectum
7) anus
What are the supporting organs of the digestive system?
1) tongue
2) salivary glands
3) pancreas
4) liver
5) gall bladder
The mouth is where ___________ begins?
digestion
___________ - chewing of food.
Mastication
___________ - triggers stomach to produce acid
mastication
Saliva - contains enzymes for digesting ____________.
starches and fats
_____________ - connects the mouth to the stomach
esophagus
_____ - Gastroesophageal reflux disease (heart-burn)
a) stomach acid escapes into the __________
b) __________ ___________ - for helping clean any stomach acid (neutralize an acid with a base)
GERD
a) esophagus
b) salivary bicarbonate
________ - primary place where proteins are disassembled and broken down into peptides
1) decontamination chamber of _________
2) _______ - body of stomach ____________ (HCL)
4) function of HCL:
a) destroys ____________
b) untwists protein chains, a process called ___________
c) pepsin creates small _______
5) ____________ -primarily responsible for fat hydrolysis
6) ________ - food acid enzyme mixture
stomach
1) bacteria
2) fundus
3) hydrocholoric acid
a) toxins in food
b) denaturation
c) chains of peptides
5) gastric lipase
6) chyme
Small intestine - maximizes the ______ and ______ process
digestion and absorption
Small intestine:
inner folds - expanded surface area called:
a) plicae b) ______ c) microvillus
villi
Small intestine: enzymes present (disaccharidases) - hydrolyze disugars a) \_\_\_\_\_\_ b) maltase c) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
a) sucrase
c) lactase
Small intestine:
____________ - part of the small intestine closest to the stomach
a) neutralization chamber
b) ______ is mixed with becarbonate - lessens chyme’s acidity
c) more enzymes function to breakdown ____________
1) protein digestion - cutting proteins and peptides into _____ ____ ______
2) carbohydrate/starch digestion - amylase continues hydolysis of _______
3) _____ and _____ - nutrients taken up efficiently
duodenum
b) chyme
c) macromolecules
1) amino acid chains
2) starch
3) iron and calcium
Small intestine:
_______ - middle section of the small intestine
a) where most nutrients are actively absorbed
1) _______ ______
2) _________
3) minerals
b) active ___ absorption - occurs in duodenum and jejunem
1) fat is made into _____ ________ and transported directly
2) bile - ________ fat, produced by the _____, stored in the _______ and released into the duodenum and jejunem
3) fat soluble vitamins: _, _, _, _
jejunum
1) amino acids
2) vitamins
b) fat
1) small aggregates
2) soluble fat, produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder and released into the duodenum and jejunem
3) vitamins: A, D, E, K
Small intestine:
______ - final part of the small intestine
a) completes digestion
b) vitamin ___ is absorbed
c) ___% of vitaminds, minerals, and nutrients have been absorbed by the end of the small intestine
ileum
b) B12
c) 90%
Large Intestine - specialized for conserving _______ and ______
1) _ft long
2) _______ - primary food left in large intestine
3) ______ hours - time spent in large intestine
4) ecosystem of bacteria - necessary for ____________ of fiber
5) nutrients from fiber are necessary fo the health of _____ cells
6) _______ - (pro-life) friendly colon bacteria
a) creates ________ from fiber
b) stops _________ (disease-promoting) bacteria
c) fiber that is not fermented - provides bulk for _____ ________ binds ______ and waste
7) rectum and _____ - allow for elimination of stool
sodium and water
1) 5 ft long
2) fiber
3) 6-12 hours
4) fermentation
5) colon
6) probiotics
a) nutrients
b) pathogenic
c) stool excretion binds and toxins
7) anus
Pancreas - _______ factory
1) produces ______ that digest:
a) ______
b) ____
c) _____________
2) 1 liter of _____________ released per day
protein
1) enzymes
a) protein
b) fats
c) carbohydrates
2) pancreatic juice
_______ - detoxification system
1) ______ and _____ are chemically converted and eliminated through the _______ (urine) or _________ (stool).
2) synthesizes (makes) ________ for the blood
3) produces _____ for the digestion of fats
4) maintains healthy blood sugar (_______) levels
5) __________ - the form in which glucose is stored in the liver
6) metabolizes _____
Liver
1) drugs and toxins are chemically converted and elimated through the kidneys (urine) or intestines (stool)
2) protein
3) bile
4) glucose
5) glycogen
6) fats
__________ - storage site for bile acids needed for fat digestion
gall bladder
