biochemistry Flashcards
4 main organic compounds
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and amino acids
Carbohydrates contains what elements?
C, H, O (Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)
Where can carbohydrates be found?
In food–pasta, energy drinks, bread, cereal, rice, roots, potatoes, fruit, sugar, vegetables
What is a carbohydrate?
It’s the main source of enegey in our bodies.
What are the subunits of carbohydrates?
simple sugars (monosaccharides) and complex sugars (disacchrarides and polysacchrides)
What is the chemical formula for a carbohydrate?
C(little 6)H(little 12)O(little six) in a 1:2:1 ratio
Proteins are made of what?
Amino acids
What are the subunits of a protein?
Amino acids
What does a protein contain?
C, H, O, N (CHON)
Specialized proteins are called what?
enzymes
What does an enzyme do?
speeds up chemical and biological reactions, catalyst
Where is protein found?
food–meat, eggs, milk, peanuts, beans, seeds
Amino acid + amino acid + amino acid = ?
protein= a long chain of amino acids (represents peptide bond)
What are proteins needed for?
cell growth and maintence– build and repair
Are lipids polar?
no, they are non-polar.
Where are lipids found?
in fats, grease, wax, and oil
What does a lipid contain?
C, H, O
A lipid provides:
insulation, protection, long term energy storage, cell membranes, and nuclear membranes
What is a lipid made of?
glycerine molecule and three fatty acids
What are the subunifs for a lipid?
3 fatty acids
Where are nucliec acids found?
the nucleus
What does nucleic acid make?
DNA, RNA, ATP which equals genetic materkal
What does nucleic acid contain?
C, H, O, N, P
What are the subunits of nucleic acids?
nucleotides
