Digestive System

Question 0

Single celled organisms and sponges digest their food _______.

Answer 0

Intracellularly

Question 1

Other multicellular organisms digest their food ____.

Answer 1

Extracellularly (within a digestive cavity)

Question 2

Cnidarian and flatworms have a _____ cavity. (only one opening, and no specialized regions)

Answer 2

Gastrovascular

Question 3

_____ have the most primitive digestive tract. A tubular gut lined by an epithelial membrane.

Answer 3

Nematodes

Question 4

The accessory organ that produces bile is the…

Answer 4

Liver

Question 5

The accessory organ that stores and concentrates bile is the…

Answer 5

Gallbladder

Question 6

The accessory organ that produces pancreatic juice, digestive enzymes, and is a bicarbonate buffer is the…

Answer 6

Pancreas

Question 7

The gastrointestinal tract layered from the innermost to the outermost is…

Answer 7

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and then serosa.

Question 8

These animals lack teeth, break up food in a 2 chambered stomach, and have a gizzard…

Answer 8

Birds

Question 9

The _____ lubricates and moistens the food, contains salivary amylase, which initiates the break down of starch.

Answer 9

Mouth

Question 10

A muscular tube connecting the mouth to stomach, actively moves bolus through peristalsis (waves of contractions)

Answer 10

Esophagus

Question 11

The _____ has 3 kinds of secretory cells. Mucus secreting cells, Parietal cells (secrete HCL and intrinsic factor for b12 absorption), Chief cells (secrete pepsinogen).

Answer 11

Stomach

Question 12

In the _____ there is a low pH to help denature food proteins, there is no significant digestion of carbs or fats, absorption of some water, aspirin, & alchohol occurs here.

Answer 12

Stomach

Question 13

What is a mixture of partially digested food and gastric juice called?

Answer 13

Chyme

Question 14

_____ is 4.5 m long, consists of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Receives chyme, digestive enzymes, and bile.

Answer 14

Small intestine

Question 15

The small intestines epithelial wall is covered with _____

Answer 15

Villi (which are covered in microvilli)

Question 16

_____ participate in digestion and absorption (brush border enzymes)

Answer 16

Microvilli

Question 17

In the pancreas _____ and _____ break proteins into smaller polypeptides.

Answer 17

Trypsin; chymotrypsin

Question 18

In the pancreas ______ breaks polysaccharides into shorter sugars.

Answer 18

Pancreatic amylase

Question 19

In the pancreas _____ breaks fats into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.

Answer 19

Lipase

Question 20

____ reabsorb a water and electrolytes, and prepares waste for expulsion.

Answer 20

Large intestine (colon)

Question 21

Many bacteria live and reproduce with in the ____. It prides humans with vitamin K.

Answer 21

Large intestine

Question 22

_____ have longer digestive tracts, it offers greater time for digestion of cellulose.

Answer 22

Herbivores

Question 23

______ have a 4 chambered stomach (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum)

Answer 23

Ruminants

Question 24

______ is when animals eat their feces to get more nutrients.

Answer 24

Coprophagy

Question 25

The ______ chemically modifies substances from the digestive tract before they reach the rest of the body, ingested alcohol/drugs are metabolized.

Answer 25

Liver

Question 26

____ stimulates the removal of excess blood glucose, by liver and skeletal muscles (glycogen)

Answer 26

Insulin

Question 27

______ is when glucagon stimulates liver to break down glycogen to release glucose into blood.

Answer 27

Glycogenolysis

Question 28

____ is when the liver converts other molecules into glucose if fasting continues.

Answer 28

Gluconeogenesis

Question 29

Humans, apes, monkeys and guinea pigs have lost the ability to synthesize _____?

Answer 29

Absorbing acid (vitamin c)

Question 30

Humans require how many amino acids?

Answer 30

9

Question 31

Essential nutrients include:

Answer 31

Long-chain unsaturated fatty acid, minerals, amino acids, and vitamins.

Question 32

In the _____, Pesticides and toxins are converted to a less toxic form. Regulates steroid hormones, and Produces most proteins found in plasma.

Answer 32

Liver