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Bio ll Exam 5 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Single celled organisms and sponges digest their food _______.

A

Intracellularly

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1
Q

Other multicellular organisms digest their food ____.

A

Extracellularly (within a digestive cavity)

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2
Q

Cnidarian and flatworms have a _____ cavity. (only one opening, and no specialized regions)

A

Gastrovascular

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3
Q

_____ have the most primitive digestive tract. A tubular gut lined by an epithelial membrane.

A

Nematodes

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4
Q

The accessory organ that produces bile is the…

A

Liver

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5
Q

The accessory organ that stores and concentrates bile is the…

A

Gallbladder

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6
Q

The accessory organ that produces pancreatic juice, digestive enzymes, and is a bicarbonate buffer is the…

A

Pancreas

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7
Q

The gastrointestinal tract layered from the innermost to the outermost is…

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and then serosa.

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8
Q

These animals lack teeth, break up food in a 2 chambered stomach, and have a gizzard…

A

Birds

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9
Q

The _____ lubricates and moistens the food, contains salivary amylase, which initiates the break down of starch.

A

Mouth

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10
Q

A muscular tube connecting the mouth to stomach, actively moves bolus through peristalsis (waves of contractions)

A

Esophagus

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11
Q

The _____ has 3 kinds of secretory cells. Mucus secreting cells, Parietal cells (secrete HCL and intrinsic factor for b12 absorption), Chief cells (secrete pepsinogen).

A

Stomach

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12
Q

In the _____ there is a low pH to help denature food proteins, there is no significant digestion of carbs or fats, absorption of some water, aspirin, & alchohol occurs here.

A

Stomach

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13
Q

What is a mixture of partially digested food and gastric juice called?

A

Chyme

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14
Q

_____ is 4.5 m long, consists of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Receives chyme, digestive enzymes, and bile.

A

Small intestine

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15
Q

The small intestines epithelial wall is covered with _____

A

Villi (which are covered in microvilli)

16
Q

_____ participate in digestion and absorption (brush border enzymes)

A

Microvilli

17
Q

In the pancreas _____ and _____ break proteins into smaller polypeptides.

A

Trypsin; chymotrypsin

18
Q

In the pancreas ______ breaks polysaccharides into shorter sugars.

A

Pancreatic amylase

19
Q

In the pancreas _____ breaks fats into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.

A

Lipase

20
Q

____ reabsorb a water and electrolytes, and prepares waste for expulsion.

A

Large intestine (colon)

21
Q

Many bacteria live and reproduce with in the ____. It prides humans with vitamin K.

A

Large intestine

22
Q

_____ have longer digestive tracts, it offers greater time for digestion of cellulose.

A

Herbivores

23
Q

______ have a 4 chambered stomach (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum)

A

Ruminants

24
Q

______ is when animals eat their feces to get more nutrients.

A

Coprophagy

25
Q

The ______ chemically modifies substances from the digestive tract before they reach the rest of the body, ingested alcohol/drugs are metabolized.

A

Liver

26
Q

____ stimulates the removal of excess blood glucose, by liver and skeletal muscles (glycogen)

A

Insulin

27
Q

______ is when glucagon stimulates liver to break down glycogen to release glucose into blood.

A

Glycogenolysis

28
Q

____ is when the liver converts other molecules into glucose if fasting continues.

A

Gluconeogenesis

29
Q

Humans, apes, monkeys and guinea pigs have lost the ability to synthesize _____?

A

Absorbing acid (vitamin c)

30
Q

Humans require how many amino acids?

A

9

31
Q

Essential nutrients include:

A

Long-chain unsaturated fatty acid, minerals, amino acids, and vitamins.

32
Q

In the _____, Pesticides and toxins are converted to a less toxic form. Regulates steroid hormones, and Produces most proteins found in plasma.

A

Liver

Bio ll Exam 5 (4 decks)

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