Digestive system Flashcards
Name the parts of the foregut (8)
Mouth, Oesophagus(esophagus), Cardia, Stomach, pylorus, duodenum, jejunum, Ileum
Name the parts of the hindgut (10)
Base of caecum, body of caecum, apex, right ventral colon, left ventral colon, left dorsal colon, right dorsal colon, transverse colon, descending colon (sm colon), rectum
Name and how many teeth in each quadrant
3 incisors, canine teeth, wolfteeth (in %50), 3 premolars, 3 molars.
Name the innervations for the muscles of mastication, cheek and tongue (intrinsic & extrinsic)
Mastication= N Trigeminus Cheek= N Fascial Tongue= hypoglossal
What is saliva secreted by
glandulae parotis, glandulae sublinguals (fascial n) glandulae submandibulares, little buccal glands (trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, facial n)
Where are salivary glands present
cheek, tongue, lips, esophagus, soft palate and pharynx. Major salivary glands are located further away from the oral cavity and function through connective ducts
What is saliva composed of
mainly water that contains: amylase for carb digestion salt-mainly sodium bicarbonate mucin electrolytes antimicrobial agents and lingual lipase.
The amount of saliva secreted is relative to the food we eat, what is secreted for dry and rough food
Dry- mainly serous saliva
Rough- mainly mucous saliva (for lube)
What connects the esophagus to the stomach
cardiac sphincter
What are the 3 layers of the stomach
circular, longitudinal and oblique
What are the 4 types of layers in the digestive tract
Mucosa, submucosa, longitudinal muscular layer, serosa
What nerve is used in the control of the stomach
Left N Vagus
What are the purpose of the 3 enzymes found in the food reservoir
amylase: carbohydrate digestion started in mouth
acid: bacteria extermination
Pepsin: divides the long protein chains into smaller amino acids (controlled by N Vagus)
In stomach secretion, there is the cepahlic and gastric phase. What happens in each phase,
cephalic: through excitation of nose and mouth sensors
Gastric: a)vago- vagal reflex: excitation of viscero sensoric fibers in the N Vagus causes secretion
b)Local reflexes in the stomach wall
c)the hormone gastrin: excitation of the antrum pylori and the excitation of the mucosa of the antrum sets free gastrin.
Explain the hormone gastrin phase of the gastric phase
excitiation of the antrum pylori and the excitation of the mucosa of the antrum sets free gastrin.
this gastrin will be deported by the blood stream but returns through the stomach arteries back to the stomach wall
gastrin activates the stomach secretion as well as the pancreas secretion
What are the lipids in the duodenum divided in.
Glyceride and Fatty Acids
What is the roll of the pancreas
Pancreas secretes insulin & glucagon. Also secretes sodium bicarbonate directly into the duodenum washing the acid off the chyme that has come through the pyloric sphincter through the pancreatic duct
What does pepsin do
Breaks down Proteins into amino acid chains
What other enzymes are in the stomach
resin and lipase
What is the digestive function of bile
To break up large fat masses into smaller ones for enzymic digestion
What are the ligaments that hold the liver
Coronary ligament, falicform ligament, left & right triangular ligament
What is the digestive function of bile
To break up large fat masses into smaller ones for enzymic digestion
What happens when there are no fats present in chyme
Leaky gut. The stomach will stay in constant motion
Where are majority of glands found in stomach
Distal stomach by the pyloric
<p>Where is the spleen located</p>
<p>11th to just past 18th rib on the left side.</p>
Where is the stomach located on the horse
Left side 14th to 9th rib,
Where is the liver located on both sides
Left 6-10, Right 6-15
What protects the stomach lining from hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes
Fat
What happens if food doesn’t stretch the stomach or duodenum
- vagal nerve is not triggered to produce gastrin
- which won’t go around the stomach to pancreas into the duodenum which produces sodium bicarbonate
- which won’t wash the acid off the food coming from the stomach
What do the quadrants of the liver do and where are they located
1st quadrant, right side- hold nutrients & enzymes that itself needs to function
2nd quadrant- proteins, lipids, booze, etc.. is broken down
3rd quadrant- Where gall is produced. Gall salts are required in digestion to attach to the chyme to create more surface for lipids to attach to in order to slow down the digestive process.
4th quadrant left side- largest quadrant is where toxins are processed from the stomach
What is the sphincter of Oddi
Papilla duodeni minor
What is the sphincter of Oddi
Papilla duodeni minor
What two arteries does the duodenum receive blood from
Coeliac artery and cranial mesenteric artery
What two arteries does the duodenum receive blood from
Coeliac artery and cranial mesenteric artery
What is the transition from into the jejunum marked by
Free border of the plica duodenocolica (fold of the perineum)
