Digestive System Flashcards
what is the main goal of digestion?
obtain nutrients
name the 6 steps of digestive system and describe what they are
- ingestion- intake food
- digestion- breaking down food
- mechanical
- chemical - absorption- bring nutrients into cells
- elimination - expel un-needed materials
- motility
- secretion
what are the 7 organs of the digestive system
- mouth (oral cavity)
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestines
- large intestines
- rectum + anus
what are the three accessory organs for this system?
salivary glands
pancreas
liver + gallbladder
what does the pancreas do as an accessory organ?
the acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes
what is the function of the liver and gallbladder as accessory organs?
liver secretes bile which separates fat and the storage of the bile is in the gallbladder
what are the basic layers in the structure of the GI tract?
A) Mucosa
B) Submucosa
C) Muscularis Externa
D) Adventitia or Serosa
What is the mucosa made up of? What are the portions of the mucosa?
stratified squamous or simple columnar ET
- lamina propria
- muscularis mucosa
- thin layer of smooth muscle
what is the submucosa made of?
areolar CT
what is the muscularis externa made of?
2 layers of smooth muscle running perpendicular
- inner layer runs circular
- outer layer runs longitudinal
what is the purpose of the adventitia/serosa and what are each made of?
holds the organ in place
adventitia is made of areolar CT
serosa is made of 2 layers of ET with fluid between
what are the types of cells in a stomach pit and what are their purpose/function?
surface mucus cells - mucus, bicarbonate
mucus neck cells - mucus
parietal cells - HCL (hydrochloric acid)
chief cells - pepsinogen (enzyme) to break down proteins
enteroendocrine cells - hormones example: G-cells Gastrin
what is the function of the liver?
detox blood
producing bile
what are the units of the liver called?
lobules
what are the cells of the liver called?
hepatocytes
