Digestive System Flashcards
These secrete digestive enzymes to begin the digestive process in the mouth
Salivary glands
This moves the food into the stomach
Esophagus
An important warehouse for the body’s nutrients
Liver
Secretes juices that continue to break food particles down
Stomach
Stores bile
Gall bladder
Secretes juices that help the digestion of food in the small intestine
Pancreas
Secretes insulin
Pancreas
An important hormone that regulates glucose levels in the blood
Insulin
What happens in the small intestine?
Body chemicals act with food and nutrients, which are absorbed in the blood
What happens in the large intestine?
Leftover food that is of no use to the body is processed for elimination
High fiber foods are called……
Roughage
About how long is the digestive canal in the average adult?
29 feet
A series of wave-like muscle contractions automatically moves the food along the digestive tract. This is called….
Peristalsis
True or false
The mouth is not part of the digestive system.
False
True or false
The teeth are part of the digestive system.
True
True or false
Food passes from the mouth to the esophagus
True
True or false
The esophagus connects the mouth and the stomach
True
The esophagus is about 2 inches long.
False
True or false
There are no muscles in the esophagus.
False
True or false
Food moves automatically through our digestive system
True
True or false
Peristalsis is a disease of the digestive system
False
True or false
The stomach secretes juices that help break down food.
True
True or false
Food goes from the stomach to the upper intestine
True
I’m the entrance to the food tube. I chew the food up well.
Mouth
I store the food for 3-4 hours while digestion is occurring. My churning breaks down protein.
Stomach
Waste exits from my opening
Anus
Final digestion takes place in my 20 foot long tube
Small intestine
I am a muscular tube that squeezes the food down to the stomach
Esophagus
I store the solid waste and remove the water
Large intestine
I’m the first part of the small intestine. Food enters me after it leaves the stomach.
Duodenum
We make chemicals to help break down the food.
Liver, pancreas
What are 3 of the tongue’s jobs?
- Moves food so it can be chewed.
- Moves food to the back of the mouth where it is swallowed
- Have tiny taste buds that have special nerves which send signals to the brain
What is the first step of digestion? Why is this so important?
Chewing. Important because it makes food small enough to swallow and makes the rest of the job of digestive system easier
What is the epiglottis?
Moves to cover your trachea when you swallow. To prevent food from going down the wrong pipe. Also makes food go Dow the esophagus
What allows food to stay in the stomach while being digested? Why is it important?
Stomach muscles- rings of muscles squeeze the top and bottom shut
Important because it keeps food from coming up your esophagus causing you to throw up
Why does the stomach have many folds?
Allows the stomach to expand when you eat a big meal
What is the job of the villi?
Gives the small intestine more surface area to absorb food
How does the large intestine break down food?
The small intestine breaks down most of the food, but then large intestine takes water and salts from those wastes, making the waste more solid
What materials, other than wastes,are filtered out of the blood by the kidneys?
Water, salt, calcium, nutrients, and other chemicals your body needs
What do the kidneys do with the materials they filter out?
The kidneys have to put the right amount of materials back into the blood- keep the amounts of these materials from getting too high or too low
What is the body’s largest internal organ?
The liver
About how much does the liver weigh?
About 4 and 1/2 pounds
True or false
Your liver acts like a warehouse for your body’s nutrients.
True
About how many different functions does the liver have in your body?
About 500!
What are two of the functions of the liver?
Stores or releases nutrients according to the body’s needs.
Removes harmful substances from your blood
Name 5 nutrients the liver stores.
Sugars, starches, fats, vitamins, and minerals
The liver processes most of the nutrients that are absorbed from what other organ?
The small intestine
What are the 2 jobs of the pancreas during digestion?
- Release digestive juices and enzymes into the digestive system to help digestion.
- Produces insulin
Which organ is know as the “sugar regulator?”
Pancreas
What is the difference between glucose and glycogen?
Glucose is a sugar used for energy.
Glycogen is secreted by the pancreas to raise blood sugar levels.
Spanish word for teeth
Dientes
Spanish word for liver
Higado
Spanish word for gall bladder
Vesicula biliar
Spanish word for large intestine
Intestino grueso
Spanish word for appendix
apendice
Spanish word for small intestine
Intestino delgado
Spanish word for rectum
Recto
Spanish word for salivary gland
Glandula saliva
Spanish word for esophagus
Esofago
Spanish word for stomach
Estomago
Spanish word for pancreas
Pancreas
Spanish word for anus
Ano
Saliva is produced by the salivary glands. Why is saliva important?
It has chemicals that digest food and the water makes food easier to swallow
What is the kidney’s job?
To remove waste from your blood
What do the kidneys do with water?
Takes out water along with waste, which is what urine is
Where is urine stored before it leaves the body?
The bladder