Brain Eyes Ears Flashcards
What organ enables you to:
- hear sounds
- keep your balance
Your ears!!
Describe (in steps) how hearing occurs.
- Sound waves enter the ear through the auricle.
- The sound waves travel through the auditory canal to a the eardrum, which is attached to the hammer.
- When sound waves hit the eardrum, it vibrates and makes the hammer move.
- The vibrations are passed through the anvil and the stirrup to the oval window.
- The oval window vibrates and sends sound waves to the cochlea.
- Fluid in cochlea moves the sound waves to tiny hair cells that change the sound into nerve impulses.
- Nerve impulses are sent along the auditory nerve to the brain.
How many semicircular canals are in your inner ear?
3
What do the semicircular canals control?
Your sense of balance
What happens to the fluid in your ear when you move your head?
It stimulates the hairs to send messages to the brain about your position
Why do you feel dizzy after spinning around?
Because the fluid in the semicircular canals keeps moving around for a while
What was the name of the scientist who discovered the Doppler effect?
Christian Doppler
If sound waves are close together, what kind of sound would you hear?
High-pitched sound
If sound waves are far apart, what kind of sound do you hear?
Low pitch sound
Are the sound waves for the sound of a tuba close together or far apart?
Far apart
What are the 3 main sections of the ear?
Outer ear
Middle ear
Inner ear
The fleshy part of the ear on the outside of the head….
Auricle
Passageway lined with skin, hairs, and wax-producing glands…
Auditory canal
Thin membrane at the end of the outer ear…
Eardrum
Name the 3 tiny bones in the middle ear.
Hammer
Anvil
Stirrup
The membrane at the end of the middle ear…
Oval window
Narrow tube that connects the middle ear to the throat…usually closed but it opens when you swallow or yawn
Eustachian tube
Located in the inner ear, it is shaped like a snail shell
Cochlea
Delicate looped tubes in the inner ear…
Semicircular canals
Two branches that carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain
Auditory nerve
Describe how you are able to see.
- Light rays bounce off an object and go through the cornea.
- Then the light rays are focused by the lens as an upside-down picture on the retina
- Nerve cells in the retina send a message about the picture to a part of the brain in back of your head.
- The brain decodes the message, turns the picture right side up, and tells you what you are seeing
See-through covering at front of eye
Cornea
Lining with an upside-down picture
Retina
Part behind cornea that focuses light rays
Lens
Part that decodes nerve cell messages
Brain
Cells that pick up and send messages
Nerve cells
Located behind the cornea, it is a colored ring of muscles
Iris
The __________ is surrounded by the iris
Pupil
Why does the size of the pupil change depending on the level of the light?
To regulate the amount of light sent to the delicate retina at the back of the eye
Does the pupil get smaller or larger in bright light?
Smaller
Do your eyes tell you what you see, or does your brain tell you what you see?
Your brain
About how many people are color-blind?
About 1 in 20 people
Helps keep dust out of the eye
Eyelashes
Protects the front of the eye
Eyelid
The colored part of the eye
Iris
A round opening in the iris…looks like a black dot
Pupil
The white part of the eye
Sclera
Carry tears from the eye into a passageway to the nose
Tear ducts
Makes tears…located at the upper outer corner of the eye
Tear gland
A fluid in front of the lens…protects the lens
Aqueous humor
Lines the inside of the eyelid and covers the front of the white part of the eye….produces mucus that lubricates the eye
Conjunctiva
Clear tissue in front of the iris…resembles a watch crystal
Cornea
Located behind the iris…transparent and changes shape as the eye focuses on objects at different distances
Lens
How many muscles hold the eyeball in position and control eye movements?
6
This part connects the eye to the brain
Optic nerve
A clear jelly inside the eyeball
Vitreous humor
Contains rods that enable you to see shades of grey and cones that let you see colors…produces electrical signals that go to the brain
Retina
Muscles that control the lens are called…..
Ciliary muscles
Layer of blood vessels that nourish the eye; also acts as a light-absorbing layer
Choroid
Photoreceptors responsive in low light conditions
Rods
Photoreceptors responsive to color and in bright conditions
Cones
Largest part of the brain….allows us to speak, remember things, and solve problems…also helps us hear, see, taste, smell, and touch
Cerebrum
Part of the brain that controls balance, posture, and coordination
Cerebellum
Connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. Controls digestion, heartbeat, breathing, body temperature, and other important body functions
Brain stem
C,C, or B?
Balancing on a bicycle
Cerebellum
C,C, or B?
Smelling a flower
Cerebrum
C,C, or B?
Causes the heart to pump
Brain stem
C, C, or B?
Doing an addition problem
Cerebrum
C,C, or B?
Breathing faster while jogging
Brain stem
C, C, or B?
Walking on a tight rope
Cerebellum
C, C, or B?
Telling Mom that Grandma called
Cerebrum
C, C, or B?
Making the stomach muscles work
Brain stem
C, C, or B?
Tasting an orange
Cerebrum
Called the intelligence center….Part of the brain that receives and interprets messages from the five senses
Cerebrum
Part of the brain that controls muscular coordination and balance
Cerebellum
Controls involuntary functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and digestion
Medulla (brain stem)
Large nerve leading down the brain and extending down the back
Spinal cord
Part of the brain that is the control center for appetite, water balance, sleepiness, and temperature control
Hypothalamus
Part of the brain that is the center of your feelings such as anger, pleasure, and basic drives
Thalamus
List the parts of a neuron from top to bottom
Dendrites Nucleus Cell body Myelin Node of Ranvier Axon Synaptic Terminal
Cells of the nervous system, that are specialized to carry “messages” through an electrochemical process
Neurons
About how many neurons does the brain have?
100 billion
True or false?
Neurons are similar to other cells because they are surrounded by a cell membrane
True
T or F?
Like other cells, neurons have a nucleus that contains genes
True
T or F?
Unlike other cells, neurons do not contain cytoplasm, mitochondria, and other organelles
False, neurons DO contain cytoplasm, mitochondria and other organelles
T or F?
Neurons are similar to other cells because they carry out basic cellular processes such as protein synthesis and energy production
True
Other body cells and neurons both have specialized extensions called dendrites and axons
False. ONLY neurons have dendrites and axons
Unlike other cells, neurons communicate with each other through an electrochemical process
True
T or F?
Neurons are different from other body cells because they contain some specialized structures and chemicals like synapses and neurotransmitters
True.
Which neurons send information from sensory receptors TOWARD the central nervous system?
Sensory neurons
Which neurons send information AWAY from the central nervous system to muscles or glands?
Motor neurons
Which neurons send information between neurons and motor neurons?
Interneurons
Where are most interneurons located?
In the central nervous system
Which takes information away from the cell body? Axons or dendrites
Axons
Which has a rough surface? Axons or dendrites
Dendrites
Which has ribosomes? Axons or dendrites
Dendrites
Which can have myelin? Axons or neurons
Axons
Which branches near the cell body? Axons or dendrites
Dendrites
Which brings information to the cell body? Axons or dendrites
Dendrites
Which generally has only one per cell? Axons or dendrites
Axons
Which has a smooth surface? Axons or dendrites
Axons
Which has many per cell? Axons or dendrites
Dendrites
Which does not have ribosomes? Axons or dendrites
Axons
Which branch further from the cell body? Axons or dendrites
Axons
Which does not have myelin insulation? Axons or dendrites
Dendrites
3 layered protective membrane that protects the spinal cord
Meninges
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
Which involves the brain and spinal cord, and which involves all the rest
CNS-brain and spinal cord
PNS-all the rest
Which side of the body does the left hemisphere control?
The right side
The right brain and left brain are connected by what?
Corpus collasum
Which part of the cerebrum is in charge of memory?
Hippocampus
Which part of the brain is known as the body’s thermometer?
Hypothalamus
Brain wrinkles are called…..
Gyri
How does air temperature impact sound?
Sound waves travel more quickly in high temperatures because the molecules have more energy and vibrate faster.
So, sound travels faster as the temperature increases
