DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
Bile salts help in:
a. Emulsification b. Propulsion c. Defecation d. Detoxification
Emulsification.
Bile salts help in breaking down larger fat molecules into smaller ones a process called emulsification. Propulsion is the act of moving contents along the tract. Passing stools is the act of defecation. Detoxification is neutralisation of harmful substances which largely happens in the liver.
Liver receives blood from:
a. Hepatic artery and portal vein b. Portal vein and hepatic vein c. Hepatic artery and hepatic vein d. Hepatic artery, hepatic vein and portal vein.
Liver receives blood from the hepatic artery and portal vein.
This is the principle bile pigment
Bilirubin is the principle bile pigment.
The liver cells perform all the functions, EXCEPT
a. Storage of glycogen b. Synthesis of bile salts c. Activation of vitamin D d. Secretes enzymes responsible for protein digestion
The liver stores glycogen. It synthesises bile salts that help in fat absorption. It also activates vitamin D. It however has no role in protein digestion.
Which of the accessory organs stores bile?
The gallbladder stores bile and the liver produces it.
These are composed of prominent lymphatic nodules that function in the immune response.
MALT is composed of prominent lymphatic nodules that function in the immune response.
What is the function of the villi in the small intestine?
The function of the villi in the small intestine is to increase the surface area for absorption and secretion
From the superior end downward, the three segments of the small intestine are _________
From the superior end downward, the three segments of the small intestine are the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
What process is the primary function of the villi of the small intestine?
Absorption
Groups of lymphatic follicles present in the ilieum are called:
a. Peyer’s patches b. Haustra c. Tenia coli d. Lacteals
Groups of lymphatic follicles present in the ilieum are called Peyer’s patches.
The small intestine secretes all the following, EXCEPT
a. aminopeptidase b. enterokinase c. lactase d. lipase
The small intestine secretes aminopeptidase, enterokinase and lactase. The small intestine does not secrete lipase
Which sequence lists the regions of the large intestine in order, from the end of the ileum to the anus
cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal is the sequence of regions (of the large intestine) from the ileum to the anus.
Brush border enzymes digest all the following , EXCEPT
a. maltose b. nucleotides c. triglycerides d. dipeptides
Brush border enzymes digest maltose, nucleotides and dipeptides. The brush border enzymes do not digest triglycerides.
Arrange the segments of the colon in the sequence through which digested material passes prior to defecation: (1) sigmoid (2) transverse (3) descending (4) ascending
4, 2, 3, 1 - order of colon segments when digested material passes to be defecated.
Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid.
The large intestine is divided into the caecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon and the rectum and anal canal.
Symptoms of diarrhoea, bloating, abdominal cramps may occur after consumption of milk and dairy products in individuals that fail to produce __________
lactase.
The peritoneum that attaches the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is
Mesocolon - The large intestine is attached to the posterior abdominal wall by a double layer of peritoneum called mesocolon.
Mesentry is the peritoneum of the small intestine. The greater omentum is peritoneal fold of the stomach and the falciform ligament is the fold that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall.
Bacteria in the large intestine are responsible for all the following, EXCEPT
a. Fermentation of carbohydrates b. Production of vitamin K c. Decompose bilirubin to stercobilin d. Production of mucus
The production of mucous. The large intestine secretes mucus but it’s bacteria doesnt produce it.
Bacteria in the large intestine are responsible for:
- Fermentation of carbohydrates
- Production of vitamin K
- Decompose bilirubin to stercobilin
Gastrin is responsible for
Increases tone of lower esophageal sphincter
The mucosa of the large intestine secretes ______
The mucosa of the large intestine secretes mucus.
The large intestine secretes mucus but no enzymes. Small intestine secretes peptidase and lactase. The pancreas, stomach and tongue secretes lipase.
What is the job of the hepatocytes (liver cells)?
Hepatocytes secrete bile into the canaliculi (excretory and digestive). Hepatocytes are a specialised epithelial cell (functional) - making up 80% of the liver volume.
What are the bile canaliculi?
Bile canaliculi are canals that carry bile from the hepatocytes to the bile ducts.
Where does bile travel (after produced by the hepatocytes)
Bile travels from hepatocytes to bile canaliculi, to ductules to ducts. A left and right hepatic ducts unite to form the common hepatic duct.
The common duct joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct.
The common bile duct enters the duodenum of the small intestine.
What are hepatic sinusoids?
Hepatic sinusoid are blood capillaries that contain “kuppfer cells” - phagocytes. They scavange worn out RBCs, WBCs, foreign materials, bacteria.
