digestive system 2

Question 1

What are the 10 main functions of the liver?

Answer 1

carb, lipid, protein metabolism, 
waste removal, 
store vitamins and minerals, 
process drugs, 
removal bacteria, 
make plasma proteins, 
removal hormones and antibodies, activation vitamin D,
removal toxins,
bile production.

Question 2

What is the role of bile in the digestive system?

Answer 2

digestion of lipids (emulsification)

Question 3

What are the main functions of the gallbladder?

Answer 3

stores and concentrates bile,

secretion bile,

Question 4

Can you explain the 4 steps of gallbladder physiology?

Answer 4

1. liver continuously secretes bile
2. becomes more concentrated as it remains in gallbladder
3. release of CCK triggers dilation of hepatopancreatic sphincter releasing bile into duodenum via duodenal ampulla
4. in lumen of DI, bile salts break lipid droplets by emulsification

Question 5

What are the classes of digestive enzymes?
Can you describe the main steps involved in the digestion and absorption of nutrients?
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids

Answer 5

4 classes of digestive enzymes, salivary glands, tongue, stomach and pancreatic
carbs - amylase (break bonds simple sugars)
proteins - proteases (break bonds between aminos)
lipids - lipases (seperate fatty acids from glycerides)

Question 6

How does the large intestine’s structure differ from the small intestine?
What are the main functions of the large intestine?

Answer 6

large intestine, much larger, connected to and mainly mechanical digestion and segmentation for defacation

small intestine chemical digestion and absorption

Question 7

Can you describe the final two stages of digestion (mechanical and chemical) that take place in the large intestine?

Answer 7

mechanical digestion, movement of LI when substances pass ileocecal sphincter, austral churning (segmentation, as result of chyme), mass movement (peristaltic wave in colon driving contents to rectum) - causes defecation

Question 8

What happens to stimulate and complete the defecation reflex?

Answer 8

mass movement, begins in transverse colon which moves contents into rectum