Digestive system Flashcards
relating to the stomach and intestines
gastrointestinal tract
the anatomical space that comprises the lips, cheeks, teeth, tongue, palate, and floor of the mouth,
oral cavity
the bony anterior part of the palate forming the roof of the mouth.
hard palate
flexible part toward the back of the roof of the mouth.
soft palate
The soft flap of tissue that hangs down at the back of the mouth
uvula
a thin fold of mucous membrane located beneath the tongue, connecting it to the floor of the mouth.
lingual frenulum
a hollow, muscular tube inside the neck that starts behind the nose and opens into the larynx and esophagus
pharynx
the part of the alimentary canal that connects the throat to the stomach; the gullet. In humans and other vertebrates it is a muscular tube lined with mucous membrane.
esophagus
The moist, inner lining of some organs and body cavities
mucosa
the layer of areolar connective tissue lying beneath a mucous membrane.
submucosa
a layer of smooth muscle tissue found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and uterus
muscularis externa
The outer lining of organs and body cavities of the abdomen and chest, including the stomach.
serosa
a thin, serous membrane that lines the surface of the abdominal organs, such as the stomach, liver, spleen, and intestines
visceral peritoneum
the outer layer of the peritoneum, a thin membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities
parietal peritoneum
a fold of the peritoneum which attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen.
mesentery
a single chamber lined by large muscular folds (the rugae) and thousands of tiny gastric glands.
stomach
a ring of muscle located at the lower end of the esophagus where it connects to the stomach, acting as a valve to prevent stomach contents from flowing back up into the esophagus
cardioesophageal sphincter
a muscular valve located at the lower end of the stomach, where it connects to the duodenum
pyloric sphincter
anatomical folds or wrinkles, particularly found in the lining of certain organs
rugae
forms the long, convex, lateral border of the stomach
greater curvature
forms the shorter, concave, medial surface of the stomach
lesser curvature
a large, apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach, covering the abdominal organs.
greater omentum
the pulpy acidic fluid which passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food
chyme
the part of the intestine that runs between the stomach and the large intestine; the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum collectively.
small intestine
a distinct feature of the small intestine and operates independently of the ileum or colon
ileocecal valve
the first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach, leading to the jejunum.
duodenum
the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum.
jejunum
The last part of the small intestine
ileum
a duct connecting the pancreas with the intestine
pancreatic ducts
A tube that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder, through the pancreas, and into the small intestine
bile duct
The long, tube-like organ that is connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other.
large intestine
a pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines.
cecum
a small, finger-shaped pouch attached to the large intestine, located in the lower right side of the abdomen, and is not considered an essential organ for digestion.
appendix
the longest part of the large intestine, extending from the cecum to the rectum, where it removes water and some nutrients from partially digested food
colon
the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus.
rectum
the terminal part of the gastrointestinal tract, connecting the rectum to the anus, and is responsible for regulating the release of feces
anal canal
the part of the colon located between the cecum and the transverse colon
ascending colon
a segment of the large intestine that passes horizontally across the abdomen and sits beneath other organs in the abdominal cavity.
transverse colon
a part of the large intestine on the left side of the body, extending from the bend below the spleen to the sigmoid colon, where it stores food waste before it moves to the rectum for elimination.
descending colon
the S-shaped portion of the large intestine that connects the descending colon to the rectum
sigmoid colon
a large, vital organ in the body that performs many functions, including filtering blood, producing bile, and storing energy, essentially acting as a “chemical factory”.
liver
a small organ that stores bile
gall bladder
