DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
is the process of taking in food usually at the point where the
gastrointestinal tract begins.
Ingestion
is the process of breaking down the ingested food into smaller molecules for an efficient absorption of nutrients.
Digestion
takes place as digestive organs synthesize and release enzymes that will facilitate the chemical digestion.
Secretion
takes place as the ingested food is completely digested for transport to other tissues of the body.
Absorption
● Involves the physical breakdown of food molecules
● Increases the surface area of food available for digestion
● Mechanisms involve chewing, biting, and churning
Mechanical Digestion
● Involves the chemical breakdown of food molecules
● Utilizes enzymes that are specific for food molecules
● Makes the process of absorption more efficient
Chemical Digestion
is a site for both mechanical and chemical digestion.
Mouth
is a muscular organ for tactility and gustation
Tongue
physically break down the food. Humans have 32 of these
Teeth
is the tube that connects the mouth and esophagus.
Pharynx
● the upper portion, is the passageway for air.
● the middle tube, is a food and air passage.
● the lowest tube, is the passageway for food.
Naso, Oro, Laryngopharynx,
is a flap of tissue found in the throat behind tongue.
Epiglottis
is a long tube that connects mouth with stomach.
Esophagus
in the esophagus prevent food backflow.
Sphincters
is a hollow, curved, muscular organ. It serves as a site for both the storage and digestion of food. It has rugae, which allows stretching to accommodate food.It consists of the cardia, fundus, and pylorus, respectively.
Stomach
Digests complex carbohydrates into smaller disaccharides
Gastric Amylase
Initiates the digestion of dietary fats into smaller fatty acid chains
Gastric Lipase
Helps kill the bacterials cells present in food and activates the pepsinogen
Hydrochloric Acid
Acts as a protease by initiating protein digestion
Pepsin
20 foot-long ___ is the site of most chemical digestion
small intestine
Digests maltose into monosaccharides (two glucose molecules)
Maltase
Digests lactose into monosaccharides (glucose and galactose molecules)
Lactase
Digests sucrose into monosaccharides (glucose and fructose molecules)
Maltase
Digests peptides chains into their constituent amino acids
Peptidase
Digests nucleotides into component phosphates, sugars, and bases
Nucleosidase
3 foot-long or colon has little to no digestive function. is the site of absorption of vitamins and water.
large intestine
is the storage site for feces before defecation
Rectum
are not part of the GI tract but they produce digestive enzymes.
Accessory organs
secrete saliva that can lubricate and moisten the food.
Salivary Glands
contains amylase that initiates the carbohydrate digestion in mouth.
Saliva
consists of hepatocytes responsible for the synthesis of bile.
liver
is attached to the liver which stores bile and regulate its secretion.
gallbladder
releases the pancreatic juice with amylase, trypsin, and lipase
Pancreas
Responsible for fat emulsification
Bile
Responsible for starch digestion
Amylase
Responsible for protein digestion
Trypsin
Responsible for lipid digestion
Lipase
Performs nucleic acid digestion
Nuclease
