Digestive system Flashcards
Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion?
A. The breakdown of starch by amylase in the mouth
B. The churning of food in the stomach
C. The breakdown of proteins by pepsin in the stomach
D. The digestion of fats by lipase
B. The churning of food in the stomach
Mechanical digestion involves physical movements that break food into smaller pieces without changing its chemical composition.
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down starch?
A. Pepsin
B. Amylase
C. Trypsin
D. Lipase
B. Amylase
Amylase breaks down starch into simpler sugars and is found in the salivary glands and pancreas.
Where is pepsin produced?
A. Salivary glands
B. Small intestine
C. Pancreas
D. Stomach
D. Stomach
Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins and is produced in the stomach.
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down fats?
A. Lipase
B. Trypsin
C. Amylase
D. Sucrase
A. Lipase
Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats and is produced by the pancreas.
Which digestive enzymes are produced by the pancreas?
A. Amylase, pepsin, and lipase
B. Trypsin, lipase, and amylase
C. Pepsin, lactase, and sucrase
D. Sucrase, maltase, and amylase
B. Trypsin, lipase, and amylase
The pancreas produces amylase, lipase, and trypsin.
What is the main function of lactase, sucrase, and maltase?
A. Break down proteins into amino acids
B. Break down fats into fatty acids
C. Break down disaccharides into simple sugars
D. Break down starch into glucose
C. Break down disaccharides into simple sugars
Lactase, sucrase, and maltase break down disaccharides into simple sugars for absorption.
Which enzyme is responsible for digesting proteins in the stomach?
A. Amylase
B. Pepsin
C. Lipase
D. Sucrase
B. Pepsin
Pepsin breaks down protein in the stomach and is activated by hydochloric acid (HCl)
Where does chemical digestion of carbohydrates begin?
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Mouth
D. Large intestine
C. Mouth
Carbohydrae digestion starts in the mouth with amylase from the salivary glands
Which organ produces lipase?
A. Liver
B. Salivary glands
C. Pancreas
D. Large intestine
C. Pancreas
Lipase is produces by the pancreas to break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
In which part of the digestive system are disaccharides broken down into simple sugars?
A. Stomach
B. Large intestine
C. Small intestine
D. Esophagus
C. Small intestine
Lactase, sucrase, and maltase are produced in the small intestine to break down disaccharides into simple sugars
Which peritoneal layer lines the inside of the abdominal cavity?
A. Mesentery
B. Peritoneal cavity
C. Visceral peritoneum
D. Parietal peritoneum
D. Parietal peritoneum
What is the name of the peritoneal layer that directly covers the external surfaces of abdominal organs?
A. Parietal peritoneum
B. Visceral peritoneum
C. peritoneal cavity
D. Mesentery
B. Visceral peritoneum
What is the name of this peritoneum?
A. Mesenteries
B. Visceral peritoneum
C. Parietal cavity
D. Parietal peritoneum
A. Mesenteries
The mesenteries are folds of peritoneum that fold onto themselves, forming a double layer. Blood vessels and nerves can be held between these layers
Which letter accurately identifies the upper oesophageal sphincter?
A.
The upper oesophageal sphincter acts as a barrier to prevent stomach acid from refluxing back into the pharynx (throat).
What letter accurately describes the Pyloric sphincter?
C.
The pyloric sphincters controls the release of partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach into the small intestine.
The letter ‘B’ identifies which sphincter?
A. Upper oesophageal
B. Pyloric
C. Ileocecal
D. Lower oesophageal
E. Anal x 2
D. Lower oesophageal
The lower oesophageal prevents stomach acid refluxing back into the oesophagus
What letter identifies the ileocecal sphincter?
D.
The ileocecal sphincter regulates the flow of digested material from the small intestine (ileum) into the large intestine (cecum) and prevents backflow
Letter ‘E’ identifies which sphincter?
A. Anal x 2
B. Upper oesophageal
C. Ileocecal
D. Lower oesophageal
E. Pyloric
A. Anal x 2
The internal anal sphincter controls involuntary defecation, while the external anal sphincter allows voluntary control over the release of stool
Which type of epithelium lines the mouth to resist wear and tear?
A. Simple squamous epithelium
B. Stratified squamous epithelium
C. Transitional epithelium
D. Columnar epithelium
B. Stratified squamous epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium resists wear and tear from chewing and food particles
What is the primary function of the uvula during swallowing?
A. To secrete saliva to lubricate the throat
B. To aid in digestion by breaking down food
C. To prevent food from entering the trachea
D. To separate the oral and nasal cavities
A. To secrete saliva to lubricate the throat
It also helps prevent food from entering the nasal cavity when swallowing
What is the name of the muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system?
A. Segmentation
B. Peristalsis
C. Diffusion
D. Filtration
B. Peristalsis
Peristalsis is a wave-like motion of smooth muscles that pushes food along the digestive tract.
Which part of the small intestine is responsible for most nutrient absorption?
A. Duodenum
B. Jejunum
C. Ileum
D. Colon
B. Jejunum
The jejunum is where most nutrients are absorbed. The duodenum mainly handles digestion, and the ileum absorbs specific nutrients like vitamin B12.
What is the function of bile?
A. Break down proteins
B. Emulsify fats
C. Absorb carbohydrates
D. Digest vitamins
B. Emulsify fats
Bile breaks large fat droplets into smaller ones, making it easier for lipase to digest fats.
Which of the following is the innermost layer of the GI tract?
A. Serosa
B. Muscularis externa
C. Submucosa
D. Mucosa
D. Mucosa
The mucosa is the innermost layer of the GI tract, consisting of epithelial tissue, the lamina propria (connective tissue), and the muscularis mucosa (thin smooth muscle layer). It is responsible for secretion, absorption, and protection.
