DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Question 1

consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of ___________. ______________ involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body.

Answer 1

DIGESTION SYSTEM

Question 2

The _________________ includes most of the small intestine and all of the large intestine. According to some sources, it also includes the anus.

Answer 2

Lower Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 2

consists of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. The exact demarcation between upper and lower can vary. Upon gross dissection, the duodenum may appear to be a unified organ, but it is often divided into two parts based upon function, arterial supply, or embryology.

Answer 2

Upper gastrointestinal tract

Question 3

________________ of the digestive system is composed of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum and anus.

Answer 3

Alimentary tract

Question 4

________________ salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Answer 4

Accessory organs

Question 5

first part of the digestive tract. It is adapted to receive food by ingestion, break it into small particles by mastication

Answer 5

ORAL CAVITY

Question 6

mix up food with saliva, the resulting mushy wad is called a

Answer 6

BOLUS

Question 7

teeth that you use to bite into your food.

Answer 7

Incisors

Question 8

You have four of them and they are your sharpest teeth, used for tearing apart food.

Answer 8

Canines

Question 9

are used for tearing and crushing food. Unlike your incisors and canines, premolars have a flat biting surface.

Answer 9

Premolars

Question 10

Your _________ are your largest teeth. Their function is similar to that of the premolars, to grind, tear, and crush food.

Answer 10

Molars

Question 11

___________ produce a serous, watery secretion.

Answer 11

PAROTID GLANDS

Question 12

________________produce a mixed serous and mucous secretion.

Answer 12

SUBMAXILLARY (MANDIBULAR) GLANDS

Question 13

___________secrete a saliva that is predominantly mucous in character.

Answer 13

SUBLINGUAL GLANDS

Question 14

secreted by salivary gland which is responsible for breaking down polysaccharides into disaccharides or trisacharrides.

Answer 14

AMYLASE

Question 14

secreted by lingual glands which is responsible for breaking down triglyceride into free fatty acids.

Answer 14

LIPASE

Question 14

Food is forced into the ___________ by the tongue. When food reaches the opening, sensory receptors around the fauces respond and initiate an involuntary swallowing reflex.

Answer 14

PHARYNX

Question 14

is elevated to prevent food from entering the nasopharynx.

Answer 14

UVULA

Question 15

drops downward to prevent food from entering the larynx and trachea in order to direct the food into the esophagus.

Answer 15

EPIGLOTTIS

Question 16

Long muscular tube Approximately 20 cm long that carries food to the stomach.

Answer 16

ESOPHAGUS

Question 17

As we swallow, the bolus moves down our esophagus, serves as the passageway of food from the pharynx to the stomach, through waves of muscle movement known as __________ and with the help of mucus secreted by esophagus.

Answer 17

PERSISTALSIS

Question 18

temporary storage for food, which passes from the esophagus to the ___________ where it is held for 2 hours or longer
mixing and breakdown of food by contraction and relaxation of the muscle layers in the _______
digestion of food

Answer 18

STOMACH

Question 19

Here our bolus gets mixed with digestive acids, furthering breakdown of the bolus, and turning the bolus material into a slimy mess called ____________

Answer 19

CHYME

Question 20

The _____________ is the inner lining of the stomach. When the stomach is empty the ____________ has a ridged appearance. These ridges (rugae) flatten out as the stomach fills with food.

Answer 20

Mucosa (mucous membrane)

Question 21

Layer after mucosa. It is made up of connective tissue that contains larger blood and lymph vessels, nerve cells and fibres.

Answer 21

Submucosa

Question 22

The ______________ is the next layer that covers the submucosa. It is the main muscle of the stomach and is made up of 3 layers of muscle.

Answer 22

Muscularis propria (or muscularis externa)

Question 23

The ______________ is the fibrous membrane that covers the outside of the stomach. The ______________ of the stomach is also called the visceral peritoneum.

Answer 23

Serosa

Question 24

____________ breaks down starches and carbohydrates into sugars.

Answer 24

Amylase

Question 25

______________ breaks down proteins into amino acids.

Answer 25

Protease ( Pepsin )

Question 26

__________breaks down lipids, which are fats and oils, into glycerol and fatty acids.

Answer 26

Lipase

Question 26

The _______________________ is the final section of the small intestine. The function of the ileum is mainly to absorb vitamin B12, bile salts, and any products of digestion that were not absorbed by the jejunum.

Answer 26

Ileum

Question 26

is an impressive digestive tube, spanning an average of 20 feet in length. It is the site where almost all of the digestion and absorption of nutrients and minerals from food takes place.

Answer 26

Small intestine

Question 27

The ____________ is the middle section of the small intestine. It has a lining which is designed to absorb carbohydrates and proteins.

Answer 27

Jejumum

Question 27

The ______________ is the first section of the small intestine and is the shortest part of the small intestine. It is where most chemical digestion using enzymes takes place.

Answer 27

Duodenum

Question 28

The purpose of the _____________ is to absorb water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and get rid of any waste products left over.

Answer 28

Large Intestine

Question 28

Directly affects digestion by producing bile. Bile aids in the digestion of fat. Filters out toxins and waste including drugs, alcohol and poisons.

Answer 28

Liver

Question 29

Stores bile from the liver, releases it into the small intestine. Fatty diets can cause the formation of gallstones

Answer 29

Gall Bladder

Question 29

Produces digestive enzymes to digest fats, carbohydrates and proteins. Regulates blood sugar by producing insulin

Answer 29

Pancreas