Digestive System Flashcards
What are the organs involved in the GI tract (PLASMS)
P pharynx
L large intestine
A anus
S small intestine
M mouth
S stomach
What’s the function of the digestive system
To provide energy and nutrients to the body
What are the 6 major functions of the digestive system
Ingestion
Secretion
Mixing and movement
Digestion
Absorption
Excretion
First stage of the digestive system
Mouth and tongue- chewing.
What is one of the enzymes found in saliva
Amylase
What does amylase break down
Carbohydrates
Where is the pharynx
Behind the mouth and nasal cavity
What is the function of the epiglottis
Closes off the trachea to prevent choking whilst eating
What takes place in the oesophagus
Peristalsis to push food down
What are the three main functions of the stomach
Kill ingested bacteria with hydrochloride acid
Break down food
Hold and release food at a constant rate
Why does food need a large surface area
For easier digestion
What does stomach churning produce
Chyme
What are the four main parts of the stomach
Cardiac
Fundus
Body
Pyloric
What is the cardiac sphincter
Ring of muscle controlling the entrance to the oesophagus
How does food travel through the small intestine
Enters through pyloric sphincter
Moved along by peristalsis and segmentation
What does the small intestine comprise of
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
What is the duodenum
First part of small intestine just after the stomach, neutralises chyme
What is the Jejunum
Top half of small intestine, covered in villi and absorbs nutrients
What is the ileum
Final section of the small intestine, collects the rest of the nutrients and carries the chyle
What pH is the duodenum
8
What is bile
Produced in the liver, stored in the gall bladder, goes into the duodenum and emulsifies fat
What’s the function of the colon
Absorbs water from faeces making it drier, bacteria digests any remaining food, faeces is passed to the rectum
What does the liver do
Stores excess sugar and amino acids
What does bile do
It is an alkaline fluid therefore it helps neutralise what comes out the stomach
Function of the gall bladder
Concentrates and stores bile that is produced in the liver
What do pancreatic enzymes do
Digest carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
What hormones does the pancreas produce
Insulin and glucagon
What do pancreatic juices do
Neutralise the materials from the stomach
