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Nutrition > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

How many cells are found in the body?

A

75-100 Trillion Cells

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2
Q

What does the reproductive system consist of?

A

Composed of the ovaries, testes, fallopian tubes,prostate gland, etc

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3
Q

What are some of the components or organs of digestion?

A

oral cavity, teeth, stomach, tongue, small intestine, appendix, large intestine, anus, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

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4
Q

What are the functions of the organs of the digestive system?

A

ingestion, elimination, or removal of indigestible food

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5
Q

How long is the digestive tract?

A

about 16 ft

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6
Q

What is bioavailability?

A

The extent to which the digestive tract can absorb a nutrient and how well your body uses it

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7
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

chewing

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8
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

enzymatic process from the salivatory glands

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9
Q

what does starch turn into?

A

maltose

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10
Q

What is one major enzyme?

A

Salivary Amylase or Ptyalin

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11
Q

What is lingual lipase used for?

A

fat digestion

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12
Q

What is zinc a growth factor for?

A

neurons (helps enhance sense of taste and smell)

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13
Q

The involuntary process of food moving down the esophagus is called..

A

peristalsis

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14
Q

where is the epiglottis located?

A

covers the top of the trachea (helps food enter the esophagus)

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15
Q

What is the stomach lined with?

A

alkaline mucus (to protect it from stomach acid & enzymes)

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16
Q

What does the stomach convert semi solid food into?

A

Chyme

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17
Q

the stomach secretes gastric juices, what is that composed of?

A

enzymes and hydrochloric acid

18
Q

What is the stomach’s PH?

A

PH of 1.5 - 2

19
Q

The stomach uses ______ & strong waves of contraction to mix food w/ acid to promote digestion

A

peristalsis

20
Q

When does the stomach empty?

A

in 3-4 hours

21
Q

Food leaves the stomach for the small intestine by going through the _______

A

pyloric sphincter (involuntary ring of smooth muscle)

22
Q

How big is the small intestine?

A

9-13 ft long

23
Q

how many sections of the small intestine are there?

A

3

24
Q

What is bile’s primary job?

A

Breaks down fat and lipids

25
Q

What is the duodenum?

A

1 top part of the small intestine, measures 10 in: when acidic chyme mixes w/ alkaline secretions of the pancreas and gallbladder, and neutralizes them

26
Q

What is the Jejunum?

A

middle section of the small intestine, measures 3.5-5.5 ft. Most digestion and absorption occurs here.

27
Q

What is the Ileum?

A

Last segment of the small intestine, measures 5-9 ft long,the cells of the small intestine secrete mucus to protect it. (uses peristalsis, segmentation to help digest food)

28
Q

What is LDL?

A

Low density lipoprotein (fat & cholesterol)

29
Q

What is HDL?

A

high density lipoprotein ( removes fat from cells) “cleaning crew”

30
Q

What is the liver’s function?

A

produces and stores many nutrients and metabolizes fats

31
Q

what does the liver make?

A

lipoproteins, cholesterol, bile

32
Q

What does bile do?

A

helps to digest fats and prepares fats & soluble vitamins for liver and detoxifies materials IE: alcohol

33
Q

What is a gallstone?

A

crystalized bile

34
Q

What is the gallbladder’s function?

A

stores bile until needed

35
Q

True or false, ca the liver regenerate and regrow?

A

yes

36
Q

What role does the pancreas play in digestion?

A

sends large amounts of enzymes to the duodenum to facilitate digestion

37
Q

Can you lower your LDL? If so, how?

A

yes, by exercise and moderate alcohol consumption

38
Q

What type of cholesterol do females naturally have?

A

HDL

39
Q

What does the pancreas secrete?

A

bicarbonate ions

40
Q

How big is the large intestine?

A

5 ft long

41
Q

how many sections make up the large intestine?

A

5 major sections

42
Q
A

Nutrition (7 decks)

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