Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

How many cells are found in the body?

A

75-100 Trillion Cells

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2
Q

What does the reproductive system consist of?

A

Composed of the ovaries, testes, fallopian tubes,prostate gland, etc

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3
Q

What are some of the components or organs of digestion?

A

oral cavity, teeth, stomach, tongue, small intestine, appendix, large intestine, anus, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

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4
Q

What are the functions of the organs of the digestive system?

A

ingestion, elimination, or removal of indigestible food

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5
Q

How long is the digestive tract?

A

about 16 ft

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6
Q

What is bioavailability?

A

The extent to which the digestive tract can absorb a nutrient and how well your body uses it

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7
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

chewing

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8
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

enzymatic process from the salivatory glands

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9
Q

what does starch turn into?

A

maltose

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10
Q

What is one major enzyme?

A

Salivary Amylase or Ptyalin

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11
Q

What is lingual lipase used for?

A

fat digestion

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12
Q

What is zinc a growth factor for?

A

neurons (helps enhance sense of taste and smell)

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13
Q

The involuntary process of food moving down the esophagus is called..

A

peristalsis

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14
Q

where is the epiglottis located?

A

covers the top of the trachea (helps food enter the esophagus)

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15
Q

What is the stomach lined with?

A

alkaline mucus (to protect it from stomach acid & enzymes)

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16
Q

What does the stomach convert semi solid food into?

A

Chyme

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17
Q

the stomach secretes gastric juices, what is that composed of?

A

enzymes and hydrochloric acid

18
Q

What is the stomach’s PH?

A

PH of 1.5 - 2

19
Q

The stomach uses ______ & strong waves of contraction to mix food w/ acid to promote digestion

A

peristalsis

20
Q

When does the stomach empty?

A

in 3-4 hours

21
Q

Food leaves the stomach for the small intestine by going through the _______

A

pyloric sphincter (involuntary ring of smooth muscle)

22
Q

How big is the small intestine?

A

9-13 ft long

23
Q

how many sections of the small intestine are there?

24
Q

What is bile’s primary job?

A

Breaks down fat and lipids

25
What is the duodenum?
1 top part of the small intestine, measures 10 in: when acidic chyme mixes w/ alkaline secretions of the pancreas and gallbladder, and neutralizes them
26
What is the Jejunum?
middle section of the small intestine, measures 3.5-5.5 ft. Most digestion and absorption occurs here.
27
What is the Ileum?
Last segment of the small intestine, measures 5-9 ft long,the cells of the small intestine secrete mucus to protect it. (uses peristalsis, segmentation to help digest food)
28
What is LDL?
Low density lipoprotein (fat & cholesterol)
29
What is HDL?
high density lipoprotein ( removes fat from cells) "cleaning crew"
30
What is the liver's function?
produces and stores many nutrients and metabolizes fats
31
what does the liver make?
lipoproteins, cholesterol, bile
32
What does bile do?
helps to digest fats and prepares fats & soluble vitamins for liver and detoxifies materials IE: alcohol
33
What is a gallstone?
crystalized bile
34
What is the gallbladder's function?
stores bile until needed
35
True or false, ca the liver regenerate and regrow?
yes
36
What role does the pancreas play in digestion?
sends large amounts of enzymes to the duodenum to facilitate digestion
37
Can you lower your LDL? If so, how?
yes, by exercise and moderate alcohol consumption
38
What type of cholesterol do females naturally have?
HDL
39
What does the pancreas secrete?
bicarbonate ions
40
How big is the large intestine?
5 ft long
41
how many sections make up the large intestine?
5 major sections
42