Digestive System Flashcards
How many cells are found in the body?
75-100 Trillion Cells
What does the reproductive system consist of?
Composed of the ovaries, testes, fallopian tubes,prostate gland, etc
What are some of the components or organs of digestion?
oral cavity, teeth, stomach, tongue, small intestine, appendix, large intestine, anus, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder
What are the functions of the organs of the digestive system?
ingestion, elimination, or removal of indigestible food
How long is the digestive tract?
about 16 ft
What is bioavailability?
The extent to which the digestive tract can absorb a nutrient and how well your body uses it
What is mechanical digestion?
chewing
What is chemical digestion?
enzymatic process from the salivatory glands
what does starch turn into?
maltose
What is one major enzyme?
Salivary Amylase or Ptyalin
What is lingual lipase used for?
fat digestion
What is zinc a growth factor for?
neurons (helps enhance sense of taste and smell)
The involuntary process of food moving down the esophagus is called..
peristalsis
where is the epiglottis located?
covers the top of the trachea (helps food enter the esophagus)
What is the stomach lined with?
alkaline mucus (to protect it from stomach acid & enzymes)
What does the stomach convert semi solid food into?
Chyme
the stomach secretes gastric juices, what is that composed of?
enzymes and hydrochloric acid
What is the stomach’s PH?
PH of 1.5 - 2
The stomach uses ______ & strong waves of contraction to mix food w/ acid to promote digestion
peristalsis
When does the stomach empty?
in 3-4 hours
Food leaves the stomach for the small intestine by going through the _______
pyloric sphincter (involuntary ring of smooth muscle)
How big is the small intestine?
9-13 ft long
how many sections of the small intestine are there?
3
What is bile’s primary job?
Breaks down fat and lipids
What is the duodenum?
1 top part of the small intestine, measures 10 in: when acidic chyme mixes w/ alkaline secretions of the pancreas and gallbladder, and neutralizes them
What is the Jejunum?
middle section of the small intestine, measures 3.5-5.5 ft. Most digestion and absorption occurs here.
What is the Ileum?
Last segment of the small intestine, measures 5-9 ft long,the cells of the small intestine secrete mucus to protect it. (uses peristalsis, segmentation to help digest food)
What is LDL?
Low density lipoprotein (fat & cholesterol)
What is HDL?
high density lipoprotein ( removes fat from cells) “cleaning crew”
What is the liver’s function?
produces and stores many nutrients and metabolizes fats
what does the liver make?
lipoproteins, cholesterol, bile
What does bile do?
helps to digest fats and prepares fats & soluble vitamins for liver and detoxifies materials IE: alcohol
What is a gallstone?
crystalized bile
What is the gallbladder’s function?
stores bile until needed
True or false, ca the liver regenerate and regrow?
yes
What role does the pancreas play in digestion?
sends large amounts of enzymes to the duodenum to facilitate digestion
Can you lower your LDL? If so, how?
yes, by exercise and moderate alcohol consumption
What type of cholesterol do females naturally have?
HDL
What does the pancreas secrete?
bicarbonate ions
How big is the large intestine?
5 ft long
how many sections make up the large intestine?
5 major sections
