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Biology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two methods of digestion?

A

Chemical and Mechanical

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2
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Physically breaks down the food into smaller pieces to increase surface area for more efficient chemical digestion

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3
Q

What are the specific enzymes for chemical digestion?

A

Carbohydrases, lipases, proteases, nucleases

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4
Q

How does CD work in the mouth?

A

Saliva lubricates food and salivary glands produce amylase to digest carbs

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5
Q

What is the PH in the mouth?

A

6-8

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6
Q

How does MD work in the mouth?

A

Teeth digest food into bolus

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7
Q

How does MD work in the oesophagus?

A

When swallowing, epiglottis closes off trachea forcing bolus into oesophagus

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8
Q

What is the name of the muscular contractions in the oesophagus and its function?

A

Peristalsis which moves the bolus into the stomach

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9
Q

What do gastric glands produce in the stomach?

A

Hydrochloric acid, Protease,
Gastric lipase,
Mucus

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10
Q

What is the MD in the stomach?

A

Stomach churns, mixing bolus with gastric juices, producing a soft, semi-fluid mixture called chyme

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11
Q

What is the PH in the stomach?

A

1-3

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12
Q

What enzymes function in the stomach?

A

Carbohydrases can no longer function
Proteases can function and gastric lipases digest lipids

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13
Q

What does stomach mucus do?

A

Protects the stomach from protease activity

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14
Q

How long is the small intestine?

A

7m long

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15
Q

What are the two different parts of the small intestine called?

A

Duodenum (first 10cm), Ileum

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16
Q

What are the folds located on the small intestine lining called? (used to increase surface area)

A

Villi and microvilli

17
Q

What do the intestines produce? (as well as the pancreas)

A

carbohydrases, proteases, nucleases as well as lipases

18
Q

How long does undigested spend in the small intestine before going to the large intestine?

A

3-4 hours

19
Q

What does the large intestine absorb?

A

salt, vitamin k and b (produced by bacterial decay of waste) and water

Biology (4 decks)

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