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digestive system Flashcards

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1
Q

What is digested by our digestion system?

A

protein
-lipid
-carbohydrates - starch - complex sugar - large sugar(digested)

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2
Q

What is digestion?

A

Digestion is the breaking down of complex foods into simpler particles which are able to be absorbed in your blood.

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3
Q

What can’t humans digest?

A

Humans can’t digest simple sugars and fibre.

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4
Q

What are proteins made up of?

A

Proteins are made up of hundreds of smaller units called amino acids.

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5
Q

What deos protein do?

A

Protein builds and repairs muscles and other body tissue.

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6
Q

What disease does the lack of protein cause?

A

Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by the lack of protein.

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7
Q

What are some sources of protein?

A

-Sources - meat - chicken, beef, fish, goat, etc.
-Legumes - peas, beans, nuts

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8
Q

Why is digestion important?

A

This process is important so that these components can be small enough to be absorbed into the blood vessels.

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9
Q

What are the 2 stages of digestion?

A

Mechanical/physical and Chemical

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10
Q

When does mechanical/physical digestion occur?

A

Mechanical/physical digestion occurs 1st. It involves the breaking up of food into smaller pieces of food.

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11
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Chemical digestion involves a chemical reaction using enzymes, to break down food material into their smallest component.

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12
Q

What is another name for chewing?

A

Mastication

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13
Q

What type of digestion takes place in the mouth?

A

Both physical and chemical

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14
Q

What is amylase responsible for?

A

Amylase is responsible for the digestion of starch.

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15
Q

What is secreted into the stomach?

A

Gastric juice

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16
Q

Where does food stay the longest?

A

The stomach

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17
Q

Which types of digestion take place in the stomach?

A

-Physical/mechanical- churning produces chyme
-Chemical- The breakdown of protein with the use of pepsin

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18
Q

What is the purpose of hydrochloric acid?

A

-Allows pepsin to work
-Destroy any microorganism that may be ingested.

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19
Q

What is the emulsification of lipids done by?

A

it is done by a substance called bile

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20
Q

What is bile?

A

Bile is a greenish-yellow substance that is made by the liver and stored in the gall bladder.

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21
Q

What does bile do?

A

Bile emulsifies fats and neutralizes stomach acid.

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22
Q

What is Emulsification of lipids?

A

Emulsification of lipids is the making of larger pieces of lipids into small droplets of lipids.

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23
Q

What is the pancreas?

A

The pancreas in a gland that secretes pancreatic juices into the small intestines.

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24
Q

What does pancreatic juice contain?

A

Pancreatic juice contains sodium bycarbonate and enzymes.

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25
Q

What does sodium bycarbonate do?

A

Sodium bycarbonate neutralizes the acid coming from the stomach so the enzymes can work in the small intestine.

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26
Q

What are the enzymes found in the pancreatic juice?

A

Amylase
Trypsin
Lipase

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27
Q

What is amylase?

A

Amylase converts starch and glycogen into simple sugars.

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28
Q

What is Trypsin?

A

Trypsin breaks down proteins in the small intestine.

29
Q

What is lipase?

A

Lipase converts fats to fatty acids and glycerol.

30
Q

Where does most of the chemical digestion take place?

A

Most of the chemical digestion takes place in the mouth.

31
Q

What does pancreatic amylasedo?

A

Converts starch to maltose

32
Q

What does salivary amylase convert starch to?

A

Maltose

33
Q

What is the PH of the stomach?

A

Acid

34
Q

Where is intestinal juice found?

A

In the middle part of the small intestine.

35
Q

What stops food from going into your wind pipe?

A

Your epiglottis

36
Q

What is maltase?

A

Maltase converts maltose to glucose.

37
Q

What is glucose?

A

Glucose is the end product of starch.

38
Q

What is peptidase?

A

Peptidase converts peptides to amino acids.

39
Q

What does your colon do?

A

Absorb water

40
Q

What does your rectum do?

A

stores feases

41
Q

What happens in your anus?

A

The defecation of feases.

42
Q

What does chewing do?

A

Chewing breaks the food into smaller particles

43
Q

What is bolus?

A

A ball of food pushed to the back of the mouth by the tongue to go down the oesophagus

44
Q

Why is food chewed into smaller particles?

A

So that it can be swallowed and as much nutrients as possible can be taken from the food.

45
Q

When the food is in the mouth it comes in contact with a juice called ________________

A

salivary amylase (enzyme in the mouth)

46
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

The flap that prevents food from going into your trachea. (It prevents u from choking)

47
Q

Where does mechanical digestion take place?

A

in the mouth

48
Q

What is the epiglottis

A

A flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue that prevents the food from going into your trachea. (Basically, it prevents you from choking).

49
Q

What type of juice is found in the stomach?

A

gastric juice

50
Q

What is found in the gastric juice in the stomach?

A
  1. Hydrochloric acid (HCL)
  2. Pepsin
  3. Renin
51
Q

What does Hydrochloric acid do?

A

It destroys bacteria

52
Q

What does pepsin begin?

A

Pepsin begins the digestion of protein.

53
Q

What does amylase activate?

A

Amylase activates the whole breakdown process of starch in the mouth.

54
Q

What does renin do?

A

Renin solidifies milk protein

55
Q

Where does starch digestion start?

A

In the mouth

56
Q

What form does food leave the stomach in?

A

In a liquid form (chime)

57
Q

What is the first part of the small intestines called?

A

The duodenum

58
Q

Where is bile made?

A

in the liver

59
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

In the gall bladder

60
Q

What starts the breakdown of fats?

A

Bile

61
Q

What neutralizes stomach acid?

A

Bile

62
Q

Where is pancreatic juice found?

A

in the duodenum

63
Q

What does pancreatic juice contain?

A
  1. Pancreatic amylase
  2. Lipase
  3. Trypsin
64
Q

What does lipase do?

A

Lipase converts fats to fatty acids and glycerol

65
Q

What does maltase do?

A

Maltase converts maltose to glucose.

66
Q

What does peptidase do?

A

Peptidase converts peptids to amino acids.

67
Q

What is the ileum?

A

The last part of the small intestines.

68
Q

What happens in the ileum?

A

The absorbtion of nutrients

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