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Bio Systems Final > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the primary functions of the digestive system?

A

Break down of food and absorption of nutrients

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2
Q

What is mastication?

A

The chewing and crushing of food

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3
Q

What are three nutrients contained in most food?

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats

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4
Q

What enzymes are involved in breaking down carbohydrates?

A

Amylase and maltase

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5
Q

What is the alimentary canal?

A

A continuous tube from the mouth to the anus

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6
Q

What term is used to describe the muscular movement of food through the digestive system?

A

Peristalsis

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7
Q

What building blocks are proteins broken into?

A

Amino acids

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8
Q

What is another name for the large intestine?

A

Colon

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9
Q

What is the primary purpose of the colon?

A

Absorb water and vitamins

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10
Q

What are your incisors used for?

A

Cutting and slicing food

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11
Q

What is enamel made of?

A

Minerals like calcium

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12
Q

What condition is a result of the body not producing enough insulin?

A

Diabetes

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13
Q

What organ stores glycogen that can be converted easily for energy?

A

Liver

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14
Q

What is the name of the burning sensation caused by stomach acid splashing into the esophagus?

A

Heartburn

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15
Q

What is the opening that connects the mouth to the esophagus?

A

Pharynx

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16
Q

What protects the stomach from the acid produced there?

A

Mucus produced from glands in the stomach

17
Q

Why are villi important?

A

Increase surface area needed for absorption of nutrients

18
Q

What organ produces both enzymes and hormones?

A

Pancreas

19
Q

What is the primary function of the epiglottis?

A

Prevents food from entering trachea

20
Q

What type of muscular movement moves food back and forth in the small intestine?

A

Segmentation

21
Q

What is the function of the appendix?

A

Stores commensal bacteria

22
Q

What structure is found in front of the esophagus, and is used in the respiratory system?

A

Trachea

23
Q

What is liquified, digested food called?

A

Chyme

24
Q

What enzymes help break down proteins in the stomach?

A

Pepsin

25
Q

Besides the liver, where else is glycogen stored?

A

Body cells, Muscle cells, adipose (fat) cells

26
Q

What is the small pouch called that is found at the junction of the small and large intestine?

A

Cecum

27
Q

What is the primary cause of ulcers?

A

Bacteria called helicobacter pylori

28
Q

What are the three sections of the small intestine IN THE CORRECT ORDER?

A

Duodenum, jejenum, ileum

29
Q

What are gastric juices primarily composed of?

A

Hydrochloric acid and pepsin

30
Q

What are the two primary functions of the colon?

A

Absorb water and vitamins

31
Q

What is emulsification?

A

Breaking fats into smaller particles

32
Q

What organ is important for breaking down toxins and old blood cells?

A

Liver

33
Q

What is the primary role of the pancreas?

A

Produce enzymes and hormones

34
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

Liver

35
Q

What part of the small intestine’s primary function is to finish digesting food?

A

Duodenum

36
Q

What organ can be damaged by alcohol abuse?

A

Liver

37
Q

Where is bile stored until it is needed?

A

Gallbladder

38
Q

What hormone is used to regulate blood sugar?

A

Insulin

39
Q

What fluid helps emulsify food?

A

Bile

Bio Systems Final (4 decks)

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