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Visceral Anatomy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

PALIA Project

1
Q

Celiac trunk

A

Arises from the aorta immediately below the aortic opening of the diaphragm.

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2
Q

Left gastric artery

A

A small branch that courses toward the left and then along the lesser curvature of the stomach. It gives off several esophageal branches.

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3
Q

Splenic artery

A

A large branch of the trunk that courses across the upper margin of the pancreas on the way to the spleen. It gives off several short gastric arteries that supply the fundus of the stomach and the left gastroepiploic artery which supplies the greater curvature of the stomach.

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4
Q

Common hepatic artery

A

Courses toward the right and divides into the hepatic artery proper and the gastroduodenal artery

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5
Q

Hepatic artery proper

A

Ascends in the lesser omentum toward the liver before giving off the right gastric artery and then divides into the right hepatic artery and left hepatic artery. (The right hepatic artery gives off the cystic artery which supplies the gall bladder).

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6
Q

Gastroduodenal artery

A

Descends behind the duodenum, where it gives off two terminal vessels, the right gastroepiploic artery and the common stem of the pancreaticoduodenal artery.

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7
Q

Superior mesenteric artery

A

Arises from the aorta just below the celiac trunk and supplies the small intestine. It gives off branches, though, that supply both the small and large intestines.

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8
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery

A

Arises from the aorta a few centimeters above its bifurcation. It courses toward the distal portion of the large intestine, branching into the left colic, sigmoid, and superior rectal arteries.

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9
Q

Marginal artery of Drummond

A

Formed by the extensive anastomosis of ascending and descending branches of the various arteries that supply the large intestine.

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10
Q

Portal vein

A

Contains nutrient-rich blood from the digestive system organs. Formed by the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein. The portal vein drains directly into the liver.

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11
Q

Channel of lymph

A

Organs –> vessels –> celiac nodes –> cisterna chyli –> thoracic duct

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12
Q

Right hepatic duct

A

Drains right half of the liver

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13
Q

Left hepatic duct

A

Drains left half of the liver

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14
Q

Common hepatic duct

A

Formed by the right and left hepatic ducts joining together

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15
Q

Cystic duct

A

Drains gall bladder

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16
Q

Bile duct (Common bile duct)

A

Formed by the cystic duct and bile duct joining together

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17
Q

Main pancreatic duct

A

Drains the majority of the pancreas

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18
Q

Hepatopancreatic ampulla (of Vater)

A

Formed by the bile duct and the main pancreatic duct joining together

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19
Q

Peritoneum

A

Large, highly folded, serous membrane located in the abdomen

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20
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A

Portion of the peritoneum that lines the inner surface of the abdominal

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21
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A

Portion of the peritoneum located on the surface of the organs of the abdomen

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22
Q

Greater Sac

A

Main portion of the peritoneal cavity. Extends from the the diaphragm to the pelvic floor and from the anterior abdominal wall to the posterior abdominal wall

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23
Q

Lesser Sac(Omental Bursa)

A

Smaller portion of the peritoneal cavity located posterior to the stomach and extending upward behind the liver and downward into the greater omentum

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24
Q

Falciform Ligament

A

Extends from the liver to the anterior wall

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25
Q

Greater Omentum

A

Extends from the greater curvature of the stomach tot he transverse colon, forming a fatty apron over the small intestines

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26
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

Extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver and contains in its right free edge the bile duct, portal vein, and hepatic artery proper

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27
Q

Mesentery

A

Supports and suspends the jejunum and ileum from the posterior abdominal wall

28
Q

Transverse Mesocolon

A

Suspends the transverse colon from the posterior abdominal wall

29
Q

Sigmoid Mesocolon

A

Suspends the sigmoid colon from the posterior abdominal wall

30
Q

Oral Cavity

A

Aka the mouth; contains the tongue, teeth, and openings of the salivary glands

31
Q

Tongue

A

Skeletal muscular organ that functions in the sense of taste, mastication, and movements of food

32
Q

How many teeth do adult humans have?

A

32

33
Q

What are the four types of teeth?

A

incisors, canines, premolars, molars

34
Q

Salivary Glands

A

exocrine glands which empty gland secretions(saliva) into the oral cavity

35
Q

Parotid Gland

A

Location just below the ear and is drained by the parotid duct

36
Q

Submandibular Gland

A

Located just below the mandible and is drained by the submandibular duct; formally called the submaxillary gland

37
Q

Sublingual Gland

A

Located just below the tongue and drained by the sublingual ducts

38
Q

Pharynx

A

Composed of skeletal muscle, functions in swallowing, and is divided into three parts

39
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Posterior to the nasal cavity

40
Q

Oropharynx

A

Posterior to the oral cavity

41
Q

Laryngopharynx(hypopharynx)

A

Posterior to the larynx and is continuous with the esophagus

42
Q

Esophagus

A

Muscular tube extending for 25cm from the lower end of the pharynx(CV6) to the cardiac opening of the stomach(T11) inferiorly

43
Q

Cervical Esophagus

A

Located in the neck, where it lies posterior to the trachea

44
Q

Thoracic Esophagus

A

Located in the thorax, where it is posterior to the trachea in the upper half and posterior to the heart in the lower half

45
Q

Abdominal Esophagus

A

Pierces the diaphragm at the esophageal opening, and enters the the abdomen.
Terminates at the gastroesophageal junction of the esophagus and stomach

46
Q

Stomach

A

Digestive organ responsible for the storage of food; subdivided into three parts: fundus, body, and pyloric part

47
Q

Body(of the stomach)

A

Located between the fundus and the pyloric part, which comprises the main part of the stomach

47
Q

Fundus(of the stomach)

A

Part of the stomach above the level of the entrance of the esophagus

48
Q

Pyloric Part(of the stomach)

A

Extends toward the right from the lower part of the body.
Ends at the pyloric opening which is guarded by the pyloric sphincter; a circular smooth muscle

49
Q

Lesser Curvature(of the stomach)

A

The margin located on the right side of the stomach
Concave
Connected to the lesser omentum

49
Q

Greater Curvature(of the stomach)

A

The margin of the stomach that course over the fundus and inferiorly on the left side of the stomach to the inferior side of the pyloris
Convex
Connects to the greater omentum

50
Q

Cardiac Opening

A

Lies between the cavity of the esophagus and the cavity of the stomach
Located at upper junction of greater and lesser curvatures
Close relationship to the diaphragm where the heart sits

51
Q

Pyloric Opening

A

Lies between the stomach and first part of the duodenum
Surrounded by a circular smooth muscle, pyloric sphincter

52
Q

Small Intestine

A

:Lies between the pyloric sphincter and ileocecal junction
~ 7m long
diameter decreases through length

53
Q

Duodenum(of small intestine)

A

first part of the small intestine, which extends from the pyloric sphincter to where it joins the jejunum
C-shaped
Concave medially
Contains openings for liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

54
Q

What are the four parts of the duodenum?

A

First/Superior
Second/Descending
Third/Horizontal
Fourth/Ascending

55
Q

Jejunum

A

Proximal 2/5 of the remainder of the small intestine

56
Q

Ileum

A

Distal 3/5 of the small intestine

57
Q

Ileocecal Junction

A

Junction between the ileum and cecum
Opening is called the ileocecal opening and is guarded by the ileocecal valve

58
Q

Large Intestine(Colon)

A

Part of the intestine extending from the ileocecal junction to the anus

59
Q

What is the flow of fecal waste through the large intestine?

A

Cecum -> Ascending Colon -> Right Colic/Hepatic Flexure -> Transverse Colon -> Left Colic/Splenic Flexure -> Descending Colon -> Sigmoid Colon -> Rectum -> Anus

60
Q

Rectum

A

Portion located between sigmoid colon and anus
Narrows inferiorly, forming the anal canal

61
Q

Anal Verge

A

Boundary between external environment and internal environment at the anus

62
Q

Pectinate/dentate Line

A

Boundary between the internal mucosa and the external epithelium
Marks divisor between internal hemorrhoids above and external hemorrhoids below

63
Q

Anus

A

Sphincteric muscle located at the termination of the anal canal, which functions in the retention of feces

64
Q

Enteric nervous system

A

Innervates the majority of the digestive tract

65
Q

What part of the nervous system is the enteric nervous system?

A

The Autonomic nervous system

Visceral Anatomy (6 decks)

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