digestive system Flashcards
large insoluble molecules - 3
starch, protein, fats
small soluble molecules - 4
sugars, amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids
amylase
turns starch to maltose
maltase
turns maltose into glucose
proteases
turns proteins into amino acids
lipases
turns lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
where is bile produced
liver
where is bile stored
gall bladder
where is bile released to
small intestine
is bile acidic or alkaline
alkaline - for enzymes in intestines
what does bile do - 2
neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats
why is fat emulsified
for larger surface area for faster work of lipase to turn fat into glycerol + fatty acids
peristalsis
muscular tissue down alimentary canal squeezes food through your gut in circular muscle contractions
digestion in mouth - 2
mechanical
-teeth break down food
-salivary glands produce amylase enzyme in saliva
oesophagus role
muscular tube that connects mouth and stomach
stomach roles -3
-pummels food with muscular walls
-produces protease
-produces hydrochloric acid
large intestine/colon role
excess water is absorbed from food
why does the stomach produce hydrochloric acid
-to kill bacteria
-optimum ph for protease enzyme (2)
pancreas role
produces the enzymes:
-protease
-amylase
-lipase
into the small intestine
small intestine role - 2
-uses enzymes: protease, amylase, lipase
-where nutrients are absorbed out of the body
what are the 2 parts of the small intestine
duodenum, illium
role of rectum
where faeces are stored until leaving through anus
how are villli adapted for absorption - 3
-long-large sa:v
-permeable 1-cell layer- short diffusion distance
-long- time to break down + absorb a;; food
